Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Rodolfo Ugalde"- UNSAM-CONICET, Buenos Aires CP 1650, Argentina.
Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA; STgenetics, Navasota, TX, USA.
Animal. 2023 May;17 Suppl 1:100828. doi: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100828.
The goal of in vitro gametogenesis is to reproduce the events of sperm and oocyte development in the laboratory. Significant advances have been made in the mouse in the last decade, but evolutionary divergence from the murine developmental program has prevented the replication of these advances in large mammals. In recent years, intensive work has been done in humans, non-human primates and livestock to elucidate species-specific differences that regulate germ cell development, due to the number of potential applications. One of the most promising applications is the use of in vitro gametes to optimize the spread of elite genetics in cattle. In this context, embryonic stem cells have been posed as excellent candidates for germ cell platforms. Here, we present the most relevant advances in in vitro gametogenesis of interest to livestock science, including new types of pluripotent stem cells with potential for germline derivation, characterization of the signaling environment in the gonadal niche, and experimental systems used to reproduce different stages of germ cell development in the laboratory.
体外配子发生的目标是在实验室中重现精子和卵子的发育过程。在过去十年中，在小鼠中取得了重大进展，但由于与鼠类发育程序的进化分歧，这些进展无法在大型哺乳动物中复制。近年来，由于潜在的应用数量众多，人们在人类、非人类灵长类动物和家畜中进行了密集的工作，以阐明调节生殖细胞发育的种特异性差异。其中最有前途的应用之一是利用体外配子来优化牛的精英遗传基因的传播。在这种情况下，胚胎干细胞被认为是生殖细胞平台的优秀候选者。在这里，我们介绍了对家畜科学有重要意义的体外配子发生的最新进展，包括具有种系衍生潜力的新型多能干细胞、性腺龛信号环境的特征以及用于在实验室中重现不同阶段生殖细胞发育的实验系统。
