Mędza Aleksandra, Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz Agnieszka
Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Allergology and Nutrition, Copernicus Hospital, Nowe Ogrody 1-6, 80-803 Gdansk, Poland.
Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Allergology and Nutrition, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland.
J Clin Med. 2023 Aug 3;12(15):5107. doi: 10.3390/jcm12155107.
This review summarizes findings from studies assessing the nutritional status of patients with celiac disease (CD). Malnutrition, including over- and undernutrition, may be present in CD, both at diagnosis and while under treatment. Underweight and growth retardation in children, which mostly reflect malabsorption as a consequence of intestinal inflammation, are not a rule. Clinical presentations of CD can vary widely, and each manifestation has its own characteristics. Evaluating various nutritional parameters can be beneficial for CD patients and may improve health outcomes by facilitating an accurate definition of dietary needs and the development of a balanced diet that not only focuses on eliminating gluten but also provides adequate nutrients, alters metabolism, and reduces the risk of other disorders developing. The cornerstone of CD therapy is a gluten-free diet (GFD), which improves nutritional status, but even on a GFD, features of malnutrition may be present. Additionally, overweight and obesity may occur in patients on a GFD, with typical metabolic consequences.
本综述总结了评估乳糜泻（CD）患者营养状况的研究结果。营养不良，包括营养过剩和营养不足，在CD患者诊断时及治疗期间均可能存在。儿童体重过轻和生长发育迟缓大多反映了肠道炎症导致的吸收不良，但并非普遍现象。CD的临床表现差异很大，每种表现都有其自身特点。评估各种营养参数对CD患者可能有益，通过准确确定饮食需求并制定不仅注重消除麸质且能提供充足营养、改变代谢并降低其他疾病发生风险的均衡饮食，可能改善健康结局。CD治疗的基石是无麸质饮食（GFD），这可改善营养状况，但即使采用GFD，仍可能存在营养不良特征。此外，采用GFD的患者可能出现超重和肥胖，并伴有典型的代谢后果。
