Parsons Jane, Korsman Stephen, Smuts Heidi, Hsiao Nei-Yuan, Valley-Omar Ziyaad, Gelderbloem Tathym, Hardie Diana
Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa.
National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2023 Aug 2;13(15):2576. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics13152576.
The epidemiology of human parainfluenza viruses (HPIV), particularly its role as a cause of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in infants, has not been formally studied in South Africa. We evaluated HPIV prevalence in diagnostic samples from hospitalized children from public sector hospitals in the Western Cape between 2014 and 2022. HPIV infection was detected in 2-10% of patients, with the majority of infections detected in children less than 1 year of age. Prior to 2020, HPIV 4 (40%) and HPIV 3 (34%) were the most prevalent types, with seasonal peaks in late winter/spring for HPIV 3 and autumn/winter for HPIV 4. HPIV 4A and 4B co-circulated during the seasonal activity between 2014 and 2017. Pandemic restrictions in 2020 had a profound effect on HPIV circulation and the rebound was dominated by waves of HPIV 3, accounting for 66% of detections and a sustained decline in the circulation of HPIV 1, 2 and 4. An immunity gap could account for the surge in HPIV 3 infections, but the decline in prior HPIV 4 dominance is unexplained and requires further study.
人类副流感病毒（HPIV）的流行病学，尤其是其作为婴儿急性呼吸道感染（ARI）病因的作用，在南非尚未得到正式研究。我们评估了2014年至2022年期间西开普省公立部门医院住院儿童诊断样本中的HPIV流行情况。在2%至10%的患者中检测到HPIV感染，大多数感染发生在1岁以下的儿童中。在2020年之前，HPIV 4（40%）和HPIV 3（34%）是最常见的类型，HPIV 3在冬末/春季出现季节性高峰，HPIV 4在秋季/冬季出现季节性高峰。HPIV 4A和4B在2014年至2017年的季节性活动期间共同流行。2020年的大流行限制对HPIV的传播产生了深远影响，反弹主要由HPIV 3的浪潮主导，占检测的66%，HPIV 1、2和4的传播持续下降。免疫差距可能是HPIV 3感染激增的原因，但之前HPIV 4主导地位的下降原因不明，需要进一步研究。
