Xiao Meifang, Banu Afreen, Zeng Xiangyue, Shi Shengjie, Peng Ruoyan, Chen Siqi, Ge Nan, Tang Cheng, Huang Yi, Wang Gaoyu, Hu Xiaoyuan, Cui Xiuji, Chan Jasper Fuk-Woo, Yin Feifei, Chang Meng
Department of Clinical Laboratory, Center for Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570206, China.
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Lincoln University College, Petaling Jaya 47301, Malaysia.
Pathogens. 2024 Aug 30;13(9):740. doi: 10.3390/pathogens13090740.
Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are the leading causes of acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs), particularly in children. During the COVID-19 pandemic, non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) significantly influenced the epidemiology of respiratory viruses. This study analyzed 19,339 respiratory specimens from pediatric patients with ARTIs to detect HPIVs using PCR or tNGS, focusing on the period from 2021 to 2023. HPIVs were identified in 1395 patients (7.21%, 1395/19,339), with annual detection rates of 6.86% (303/4419) in 2021, 6.38% (331/5188) in 2022, and 7.82% (761/9732) in 2023. Notably, both the total number of tests and HPIV-positive cases increased in 2023 compared to 2021 and 2022. Seasonal analysis revealed a shift in HPIV prevalence from winter and spring in 2021-2022 to spring and summer in 2023. Most HPIV-positive cases were in children aged 0-7 years, with fewer infections among those aged 7-18 years. Since June 2022, HPIV-3 has been the most prevalent serotype (59.55%, 524/880), whereas HPIV-2 had the lowest proportion (0.80%, 7/880). The proportions of HPIV-1 (24.89%, 219/880) and HPIV-4 (15.45%, 136/880) were similar. Additionally, the incidence of co-infections with other common respiratory pathogens has increased since 2021. This study highlights rising HPIV detection rates post-COVID-19 and underscores the need for continuous surveillance of HPIVs to inform public health strategies for future epidemic seasons.
人副流感病毒（HPIVs）是急性呼吸道感染（ARTIs）的主要病因，尤其是在儿童中。在新冠疫情期间，非药物干预措施（NPIs）对呼吸道病毒的流行病学产生了重大影响。本研究分析了19339份来自患有急性呼吸道感染的儿科患者的呼吸道标本，采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）或靶向下一代测序（tNGS）检测HPIVs，重点关注2021年至2023年期间。在1395名患者中检测到了HPIVs（7.21%，1395/19339），2021年的年检测率为6.86%（303/4419），2022年为6.38%（331/5188），2023年为7.82%（761/9732）。值得注意的是，与2021年和2022年相比，2023年的检测总数和HPIV阳性病例数均有所增加。季节性分析显示，HPIV的流行季节从2021 - 2022年的冬季和春季转移到了2023年的春季和夏季。大多数HPIV阳性病例发生在0至7岁的儿童中，7至18岁的儿童感染较少。自2022年6月以来，HPIV - 3一直是最常见的血清型（59.55%，524/880），而HPIV - 2的比例最低（0.80%，7/880）。HPIV - 1（24.89%，219/880）和HPIV - 4（15.45%，136/880）的比例相似。此外，自2021年以来，与其他常见呼吸道病原体的合并感染发生率有所增加。本研究强调了新冠疫情后HPIV检测率的上升，并强调需要持续监测HPIVs，为未来流行季节的公共卫生策略提供信息。
