Yang Hee-Jong, Zhang Ting, Yue Yu, Jeong Su-Ji, Ryu Myeong-Seon, Wu Xuangao, Li Chen, Jeong Do-Yeon, Park Sunmin
Department of R & D, Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry, Sunchang-gun 56048, Republic of Korea.
Department of Bioconvergence, Hoseo University, Asan-si 31499, Republic of Korea.
Foods. 2023 Aug 4;12(15):2958. doi: 10.3390/foods12152958.
We investigated the effects of different types of long-term fermented soybeans (traditionally made doenjang; TMD) on glucose and bone metabolism and memory function in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The rats were categorized into six groups: Control, cooked unfermented soybeans (CSB), and four TMDs based on () and biogenic amine contents analyzed previously: high (HS) and high biogenic amines (HA; HSHA), low (LS) and HA (LSHA), HS and low biogenic amines (LA; HSLA), and LS and LA (LSLA). The rats in the CSB and TMD groups fed orally had a 4% high-fat diet for 12 weeks. Rats in the Control (OVX rats) and Normal-control (Sham-operated rats) groups did not consume CSB or TMD, although macronutrient contents were the same in all groups. Uterine weight and serum 17β-estradiol concentrations were much lower in the Control than the Normal-control group, but CSB and TMD intake did not alter them regardless of and biogenic amine contents. HOMA-IR, a measure of insulin resistance, decreased with TMD with high (HSLA and HSHA) compared to the Control group. In OGTT and IPGTT, serum glucose concentrations at each time point were higher in the Control than in the Normal-control, and HSLA and HSHA lowered them. Memory function was preserved with HSHA and HSLA administration. Bone mineral density decline measured by DEXA analysis was prevented in the HSHA and HSLA groups. Bone metabolism changes were associated with decreased osteoclastic activity, parathyroid hormone levels, and osteoclastic activity-related parameters. Micro-CT results demonstrated that TMD, especially HSLA and HSHA, preserved bone structure in OVX rats. TMD also modulated the fecal bacterial community, increasing , and . In conclusion, through gut microbiota modulation, TMD, particularly with high content, acts as a synbiotic to benefit glucose, bone, and memory function in OVX rats. Further research is needed to make specific recommendations for -rich TMD for menopausal women.
我们研究了不同类型的长期发酵大豆（传统制作的大酱；TMD）对去卵巢（OVX）大鼠葡萄糖和骨代谢以及记忆功能的影响。大鼠被分为六组：对照组、煮熟的未发酵大豆（CSB），以及根据先前分析的（）和生物胺含量划分的四种TMD：高（HS）和高生物胺（HA；HSHA）、低（LS）和HA（LSHA）、HS和低生物胺（LA；HSLA）、LS和LA（LSLA）。CSB组和TMD组的大鼠口服4%的高脂饮食，持续12周。对照组（OVX大鼠）和正常对照组（假手术大鼠）的大鼠不食用CSB或TMD，尽管所有组的常量营养素含量相同。对照组的子宫重量和血清17β-雌二醇浓度远低于正常对照组，但无论（）和生物胺含量如何，CSB和TMD的摄入均未改变它们。与对照组相比，高（HSLA和HSHA）的TMD使衡量胰岛素抵抗的HOMA-IR降低。在口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）和腹腔注射葡萄糖耐量试验（IPGTT）中，对照组各时间点的血清葡萄糖浓度均高于正常对照组，而HSLA和HSHA使其降低。给予HSHA和HSLA可保留记忆功能。双能X线吸收法（DEXA）分析测得的骨密度下降在HSHA和HSLA组中得到预防。骨代谢变化与破骨细胞活性、甲状旁腺激素水平以及破骨细胞活性相关参数的降低有关。显微CT结果表明，TMD，尤其是HSLA和HSHA，保留了OVX大鼠的骨结构。TMD还调节了粪便细菌群落，增加了（）和（）。总之，通过调节肠道微生物群，TMD，特别是高（）含量的TMD，作为一种合生元，对OVX大鼠的葡萄糖、骨骼和记忆功能有益。需要进一步研究为绝经后女性推荐富含（）的TMD的具体建议。
