Rinderknecht Helen, Mayer Alana, Histing Tina, Ehnert Sabrina, Nüssler Andreas
Siegfried-Weller Institute for Trauma Research, BG Trauma Center, University of Tuebingen, Schnarrenbergstrasse 95, 72070 Tuebingen, Germany.
Foods. 2023 Aug 4;12(15):2960. doi: 10.3390/foods12152960.
Smoking is a major risk factor for delayed fracture healing, affecting several aspects of early fracture repair, including inflammation, osteogenesis, and angiogenesis. (GE) and maqui berry extract (MBE) were shown in our previous studies to reduce smoke-induced cellular damage in late bone-healing in vitro models. We aimed here to analyze their effects on the early fracture repair of smokers in a 3D co-culture model of fracture hematomas and endothelial cells. Both extracts did not alter the cellular viability at concentrations of up to 100 µg/mL. In early fracture repair in vitro, they were unable to reduce smoking-induced inflammation and induce osteo- or chondrogenicity. Regarding angiogenesis, smoking-induced stress in HUVECs could not be counteracted by both extracts. Furthermore, smoking-impaired tube formation was not restored by GE but was harmed by MBE. However, GE promoted angiogenesis initiation under smoking conditions via the axis. To summarize, cigarette smoking strikingly affected early fracture healing processes in vitro, but herbal extracts at the applied doses had only a limited effect. Since both extracts were shown before to be very effective in later stages of fracture healing, our data suggest that their early use immediately after fracture does not appear to negatively impact later beneficial effects.
吸烟是骨折愈合延迟的主要风险因素，会影响骨折早期修复的多个方面，包括炎症、骨生成和血管生成。在我们之前的研究中，绿茶提取物（GE）和阿萨伊浆果提取物（MBE）在体外晚期骨愈合模型中显示出可减少烟雾诱导的细胞损伤。我们在此旨在分析它们在骨折血肿和内皮细胞的三维共培养模型中对吸烟者早期骨折修复的影响。两种提取物在浓度高达100 µg/mL时均未改变细胞活力。在体外早期骨折修复中，它们无法减少吸烟诱导的炎症，也无法诱导成骨或软骨生成。关于血管生成，两种提取物均无法抵消吸烟对人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVECs）诱导的应激。此外，绿茶提取物无法恢复吸烟受损的管腔形成，而阿萨伊浆果提取物却会对其造成损害。然而，绿茶提取物在吸烟条件下通过 轴促进血管生成起始。总之，吸烟在体外显著影响早期骨折愈合过程，但所应用剂量的草药提取物仅有有限的作用。由于之前已表明两种提取物在骨折愈合后期非常有效，我们的数据表明骨折后立即早期使用它们似乎不会对后期的有益效果产生负面影响。
