Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jul 26;24(15):11986. doi: 10.3390/ijms241511986.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality and disability among both males and females. The risk of cardiovascular diseases is heightened by the presence of a risk factor cluster of metabolic syndrome, covering obesity and obesity-related cardiometabolic risk factors such as hypertension, glucose, and lipid metabolism dysregulation primarily. Sex hormones contribute to metabolic regulation and make women and men susceptible to obesity development in a different manner, which necessitates sex-specific management. Identifying crucial factors that protect the cardiovascular system is essential to enhance primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases and should be explicitly studied from the perspective of sex differences. It seems that AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) may be such a factor since it has the protective role of AMPK in the cardiovascular system, has anti-diabetic properties, and is regulated by sex hormones. Those findings highlight the potential cardiometabolic benefits of AMPK, making it an essential factor to consider. Here, we review information about the cross-talk between AMPK and sex hormones as a critical point in cardiometabolic disease development and progression and a target for therapeutic intervention in human disease.
心血管疾病（CVDs）是男性和女性死亡和残疾的主要原因。代谢综合征的危险因素群，主要包括肥胖和肥胖相关的心脏代谢危险因素如高血压、葡萄糖和脂质代谢失调，会增加心血管疾病的风险。性激素有助于代谢调节，使女性和男性以不同的方式易患肥胖症，这需要针对性别进行特定的管理。确定保护心血管系统的关键因素对于增强心血管疾病的一级和二级预防至关重要，并且应该从性别差异的角度明确研究。似乎 AMP 依赖的蛋白激酶（AMPK）可能就是这样一个因素，因为它在心血管系统中具有 AMPK 的保护作用，具有抗糖尿病特性，并且受到性激素的调节。这些发现强调了 AMPK 的潜在心脏代谢益处，使其成为一个需要考虑的重要因素。在这里，我们回顾了 AMPK 与性激素之间的相互作用信息，因为这是心脏代谢疾病发展和进展的一个关键点，也是人类疾病治疗干预的一个靶点。
