Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jul 27;24(15):12009. doi: 10.3390/ijms241512009.
The long-term evolution experiment (PaLTEE) is the only running filamentous fungus study, which is still going on. The aim of our work is to trace the evolutionary dynamics of the accumulation of mutations in the genomes of eight haploid populations of The results of the genome-wide analysis of all of the lineages, performed 8 years after the start of the PaLTEE, are presented. Data analysis detected 312 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 39 short insertion-deletion mutations (indels) in total. There was a clear trend towards a linear increase in the number of SNPs depending on the experiment duration. Among 312 SNPs, 153 were fixed in the coding regions of genome. Relatively few synonymous mutations were found, exactly 38; 42 were classified as nonsense mutations; 72 were assigned to missense mutations. In addition, 21 out of 39 indels identified were also localized in coding regions. Here, we also report the detection of parallel evolution at the paralog level in the model system. Parallelism in evolution at the level of protein functions also occurs. The latter is especially true for various transcription factors, which may indicate selection leading to optimization of the wide range of cellular processes under experimental conditions.
长期进化实验（PaLTEE）是唯一正在进行的丝状真菌研究。我们的工作旨在追踪突变在八个单倍体种群基因组中积累的进化动态。在 PaLTEE 开始 8 年后，对所有谱系进行了全基因组分析，结果如下。数据分析总共检测到 312 个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）和 39 个短插入缺失突变（indels）。SNP 的数量明显呈现出随实验时间线性增加的趋势。在 312 个 SNP 中，有 153 个固定在 基因组的编码区域中。相对较少的同义突变被发现，确切地说是 38 个；42 个被归类为无义突变；72 个被归类为错义突变。此外，在鉴定的 39 个 indels 中有 21 个也定位在编码区域中。在这里，我们还报告了在 模型系统中检测到的同源基因水平上的并行进化。在蛋白质功能水平上的进化也存在平行现象。对于各种转录因子来说，这一点尤其正确，这可能表明选择导致了在实验条件下对广泛的细胞过程进行优化。
