Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, (Ret.), 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jul 27;24(15):12029. doi: 10.3390/ijms241512029.
Symmetries have not been completely determined and explained from the discovery of the DNA structure in 1953 and the genetic code in 1961. We show, during 10 years of investigation and research, our discovery of the Supersymmetry Genetic Code table in the form of 2 × 8 codon boxes, quadruplet DNA symmetries, and the classification of trinucleotides/codons, all built with the same physiochemical double mirror symmetry and Watson-Crick pairing. We also show that single-stranded RNA had the complete code of life in the form of the Supersymmetry Genetic Code table simultaneously with instructions of codons' relationship as to how to develop the DNA molecule on the principle of Watson-Crick pairing. We show that the same symmetries between the genetic code and DNA quadruplet are highly conserved during the whole evolution even between phylogenetically distant organisms. In this way, decreasing disorder and entropy enabled the evolution of living beings up to sophisticated species with cognitive features. Our hypothesis that all twenty amino acids are necessary for the origin of life on the Earth, which entirely changes our view on evolution, confirms the evidence of organic natural amino acids from the extra-terrestrial asteroid Ryugu, which is nearly as old as our solar system.
对称性从 1953 年 DNA 结构的发现和 1961 年遗传密码的发现开始，就没有被完全确定和解释。在 10 年的调查和研究中，我们展示了我们的发现，即超对称遗传密码表的形式是 2×8 密码子盒、四重 DNA 对称性和三核苷酸/密码子的分类，所有这些都是用相同的物理化学双镜像对称和 Watson-Crick 配对构建的。我们还表明，单链 RNA 以超对称遗传密码表的形式同时具有密码子关系的指令，说明了如何根据 Watson-Crick 配对原则在 DNA 分子上发展，从而拥有了生命的完整密码。我们表明，遗传密码和 DNA 四重体之间的相同对称性在整个进化过程中都高度保守，即使在进化上相距遥远的生物之间也是如此。这样，减少无序和熵使生物进化到具有认知特征的复杂物种成为可能。我们的假设是，地球上生命的起源需要所有 20 种氨基酸，这完全改变了我们对进化的看法，证实了来自外太空小行星 Ryugu 的有机天然氨基酸的证据，Ryugu 几乎和我们的太阳系一样古老。
