Otero Balda Ignacio, Fuertes-Recuero Manuel, Penelo Hidalgo Silvia, Espinel Rupérez Jorge, Lapostolle Benoit, Ayllón-Santiago Tania, Ortiz-Díez Gustavo
Department of Small Animal Surgery, Section of Small Animal Clinical Studies, University College Dublin, D04 W6F6 Dublin, Ireland.
Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Jul 31;13(15):2475. doi: 10.3390/ani13152475.
Appropriate use of perioperative antimicrobials can significantly reduce the risk of post-operative infections. However, inappropriate antimicrobial use can result in the creation of multidrug-resistant bacteria, increased costs, host flora disruption, side effects and increased risk of hospital-acquired infections. This survey evaluated the current perioperative use of antimicrobials in small animals by Spanish veterinarians using a web-based questionnaire. Responses were represented using descriptive statistics and a statistical analysis of the association between demographic data and perioperative antimicrobial use was performed. Pre-operative antimicrobials were administered in clean surgery by up to 68.3% of participants, 81.0% in clean-contaminated surgery and 71.3% in dirty surgery, while in the post-operative period, antimicrobials were administered by up to 86.3% of participants in clean surgery, 93.2% in clean-contaminated surgery and 87.5% in dirty surgery. Factors considered "very important" for antimicrobial selection were the degree of wound contamination, patient immunosuppression and use of prosthesis. The most frequently used antimicrobial was beta-lactamase-resistant (or potentiated) penicillin. Post-operative antimicrobial use was associated with participants without specific surgical postgraduate training. This study highlights an overuse of antimicrobials in perioperative procedures in small animal surgery in Spain. Therefore, evidence-based guidelines and further education regarding the correct use of antimicrobial prophylaxis are recommended.
围手术期抗菌药物的合理使用可显著降低术后感染风险。然而，抗菌药物使用不当会导致多重耐药菌的产生、成本增加、宿主菌群紊乱、副作用以及医院获得性感染风险增加。本调查通过基于网络的问卷评估了西班牙兽医目前在小动物围手术期抗菌药物的使用情况。使用描述性统计来呈现回答，并对人口统计学数据与围手术期抗菌药物使用之间的关联进行了统计分析。在清洁手术中，高达68.3%的参与者使用术前抗菌药物，清洁-污染手术中为81.0%，污染手术中为71.3%；而在术后，清洁手术中高达86.3%的参与者使用抗菌药物，清洁-污染手术中为93.2%，污染手术中为87.5%。被认为对抗菌药物选择“非常重要”的因素包括伤口污染程度、患者免疫抑制情况和假体使用。最常用的抗菌药物是耐β-内酰胺酶（或增效）青霉素。术后抗菌药物的使用与未接受特定外科研究生培训的参与者有关。本研究凸显了西班牙小动物手术围手术期抗菌药物的过度使用。因此，建议制定基于证据的指南并就抗菌药物预防的正确使用开展进一步教育。
