Chen Jiahe, Wei Maobin, Meng Minjia
College of Physics, Jilin Normal University, 1301 Haifeng Street, Siping 136000, China.
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
Molecules. 2023 Jul 30;28(15):5764. doi: 10.3390/molecules28155764.
Molecularly imprinted membranes (MIMs), the incorporation of a given target molecule into a membrane, are generally used for separating and purifying the effective constituents of various natural products. They have been in use since 1990. The application of MIMs has been studied in many fields, including separation, medicine analysis, solid-phase extraction, and so on, and selective separation is still an active area of research. In MIM separation, two important membrane performances, flux and permselectivities, show a trade-off relationship. The enhancement not only of permselectivity, but also of flux poses a challenging task for membranologists. The present review first describes the recent development of MIMs, as well as various preparation methods, showing the features and applications of MIMs prepared with these different methods. Next, the review focuses on the relationship between flux and permselectivities, providing a detailed analysis of the selective transport mechanisms. According to the majority of the studies in the field, the paramount factors for resolving the trade-off relationship between the permselectivity and the flux in MIMs are the presence of effective high-density recognition sites and a high degree of matching between these sites and the imprinted cavity. Beyond the recognition sites, the membrane structure and pore-size distribution in the final imprinted membrane collectively determine the selective transport mechanism of MIM. Furthermore, it also pointed out that the important parameters of regeneration and antifouling performance have an essential role in MIMs for practical applications. This review subsequently highlights the emerging forms of MIM, including molecularly imprinted nanofiber membranes, new phase-inversion MIMs, and metal-organic-framework-material-based MIMs, as well as the construction of high-density recognition sites for further enhancing the permselectivity/flux. Finally, a discussion of the future of MIMs regarding breakthroughs in solving the flux-permselectivity trade-off is offered. It is believed that there will be greater advancements regarding selective separation using MIMs in the future.
分子印迹膜（MIMs）是将特定目标分子掺入膜中，通常用于分离和纯化各种天然产物的有效成分。自1990年以来它们就已被使用。MIMs的应用已在许多领域得到研究，包括分离、医学分析、固相萃取等，并且选择性分离仍然是一个活跃的研究领域。在MIM分离中，通量和渗透选择性这两个重要的膜性能呈现出一种权衡关系。提高渗透选择性以及通量对膜科学家来说都是一项具有挑战性的任务。本综述首先描述了MIMs的最新进展以及各种制备方法，展示了用这些不同方法制备的MIMs的特点和应用。接下来，综述重点关注通量与渗透选择性之间的关系，对选择性传输机制进行详细分析。根据该领域的大多数研究，解决MIMs中渗透选择性和通量之间权衡关系的首要因素是存在有效的高密度识别位点以及这些位点与印迹腔之间的高度匹配。除了识别位点之外，最终印迹膜中的膜结构和孔径分布共同决定了MIM的选择性传输机制。此外，还指出再生和抗污染性能的重要参数在MIMs的实际应用中起着至关重要的作用。本综述随后重点介绍了MIM的新兴形式，包括分子印迹纳米纤维膜、新型相转化MIMs以及基于金属有机框架材料的MIMs，以及构建高密度识别位点以进一步提高渗透选择性/通量。最后，讨论了MIMs在解决通量 - 渗透选择性权衡方面取得突破的未来前景。相信未来在使用MIMs进行选择性分离方面将会有更大的进展。
