Department of Endodontics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, One Kneeland Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, One Kneeland Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
Molecules. 2023 Aug 5;28(15):5891. doi: 10.3390/molecules28155891.
Sjögren's disease (SjD) is the second most prevalent autoimmune disorder that involves chronic inflammation of exocrine glands. Correct diagnosis of primary SjD (pSjD) can span over many years since disease symptoms manifest only in advanced stages of salivary and lachrymal glandular destruction, and consensus diagnostic methods have critical sensitivity and selectivity limitations. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, we determined the composition of metabolites in unstimulated saliva samples from 30 pSjD subjects and 30 participants who do not have Sjögren's disease (non-Sjögren's control group, NS-C). Thirty-four metabolites were quantified in each sample, and analysis was conducted on both non-normalized (concentration) and normalized metabolomics data from all study participants (ages 23-78) and on an age-restricted subset of the data (ages 30-70) while applying false discovery rate correction in determining data significance. The normalized data of saliva samples from all study participants, and of the age-restricted subset, indicated significant increases in the levels of glucose, glycerol, taurine, and lactate, as well as significant decreases in the levels of 5-aminopentanoate, acetate, butyrate and propionate, in subjects with pSjD compared to subjects in the NS-C group. Additionally, a significant increase in choline was found only in the age-restricted subset, and a significant decrease in fucose was found only in the whole study population in normalized data of saliva samples from the pSjD group compared to the NS-C group. Metabolite concentration data of saliva samples from all study participants, but not from the age-restricted subset, indicated significant increases in the levels of glucose, glycerol, taurine, and lactate in subjects with pSjD compared to controls. The study showed that NMR metabolomics can be implemented in defining salivary metabolic signatures that are associated with disease status, and can contribute to differential analysis between subjects with pSjD and those who are not affected with this disease, in the clinic.
干燥综合征（SjD）是第二大常见的自身免疫性疾病，涉及外分泌腺的慢性炎症。原发性干燥综合征（pSjD）的正确诊断可能需要多年时间，因为疾病症状仅在唾液腺和泪腺腺破坏的晚期才会出现，并且共识诊断方法具有关键的敏感性和选择性限制。我们使用核磁共振（NMR）光谱法，确定了 30 名 pSjD 患者和 30 名无干燥综合征（非干燥综合征对照组，NS-C）患者的未刺激唾液样本中的代谢物组成。对每个样本中的 34 种代谢物进行了定量分析，并对所有研究参与者（年龄 23-78 岁）和年龄受限数据子集（年龄 30-70 岁）的非标准化（浓度）和标准化代谢组学数据进行了分析，同时在确定数据显著性时应用了错误发现率校正。所有研究参与者的唾液样本的标准化数据以及年龄受限子集的标准化数据表明，与 NS-C 组相比，pSjD 患者的唾液样本中葡萄糖、甘油、牛磺酸和乳酸水平显著升高，而 5-氨基戊酸、乙酸盐、丁酸盐和丙酸盐水平显著降低。此外，仅在年龄受限子集中发现胆碱水平显著增加，仅在整个研究人群的唾液样本标准化数据中发现岩藻糖水平显著降低。与 NS-C 组相比，所有研究参与者的唾液样本代谢物浓度数据，但不是年龄受限子集的唾液样本代谢物浓度数据，表明 pSjD 患者的葡萄糖、甘油、牛磺酸和乳酸水平显著升高。该研究表明，NMR 代谢组学可用于定义与疾病状态相关的唾液代谢特征，并可在临床中为 pSjD 患者与未受影响的患者之间的差异分析做出贡献。
