Cheng Wenjie, Li Lintian, Long Zhaoqing, Ma Xiuxiu, Chen Fangyao, Ma Le, Zhang Shunming, Lin Jing
School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710061, China.
Nutrients. 2023 Jul 25;15(15):3300. doi: 10.3390/nu15153300.
(1) Background: Although studies have suggested that dietary interventions may have potential benefits over conventional medical treatments, research on the association between dietary patterns and hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) in pregnant women is scarce. (2) Methods: To explore the relationship between dietary patterns and the risk of HG, a cross-sectional study was conducted in Xi'an, China from April 2021 to September 2022. Dietary intake was assessed by a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire, and then factor analysis was used to derive dietary patterns. HG was defined as persistent and severe nausea and vomiting with weight loss ≥ 5%, pregnancy-unique quantification of emesis (PUQE) score ≥ 13, or hospitalization due to vomiting. Logistic regression models were used to estimate ORs and 95% CIs for HG according to dietary pattern scores. Stratified analyses and tests for interaction were performed by potential confounders. (3) Results: Of the 3122 pregnant women enrolled, 2515 individuals (mean age: 31.2 ± 3.4 years) were included in the final analysis. In total, 226 (8.9%) pregnant women were identified as having HG. Five dietary patterns were identified. After adjusting for covariates, the highest quartile of the "fish, shrimp and meat" and "egg, milk and water drinking" patterns was associated with a 37% and 58% lower risk of HG compared with the lowest quartile, respectively (-trend < 0.05). Conversely, the highest quartile of the "beverage" pattern was associated with a 64% higher risk of HG compared with the lowest quartile (-trend = 0.02). Furthermore, significant interactions were observed between the "egg, milk and water drinking" pattern and parity, employment status and nutritional supplement use (-interaction < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: A diet rich in eggs, milk, seafood and unprocessed poultry and animal meat may be a protective factor against HG, while a diet high in beverages may be detrimental to HG. These associations may vary by parity, employment status and nutritional supplement use.
(1) 背景：尽管研究表明饮食干预可能比传统医学治疗具有潜在益处，但关于饮食模式与孕妇妊娠剧吐（HG）之间关联的研究却很匮乏。(2) 方法：为探究饮食模式与HG风险之间的关系，于2021年4月至2022年9月在中国西安进行了一项横断面研究。通过半定量食物频率问卷评估饮食摄入量，然后采用因子分析得出饮食模式。HG被定义为持续性严重恶心和呕吐且体重减轻≥5%、妊娠特异性呕吐量化（PUQE）评分≥13或因呕吐住院。采用逻辑回归模型根据饮食模式得分估计HG的比值比（OR）和95%可信区间（CI）。通过潜在混杂因素进行分层分析和交互作用检验。(3) 结果：在纳入的3122名孕妇中，最终分析纳入了2515名个体（平均年龄：31.2±3.4岁）。共有226名（8.9%）孕妇被确定患有HG。确定了五种饮食模式。在调整协变量后，“鱼虾肉”模式和“蛋奶饮水”模式得分最高四分位数组与最低四分位数组相比，HG风险分别降低37%和58%（-趋势<0.05）。相反，“饮料”模式得分最高四分位数组与最低四分位数组相比，HG风险升高64%（-趋势=0.02）。此外，在“蛋奶饮水”模式与产次、就业状况和营养补充剂使用之间观察到显著的交互作用（-交互作用<0.05）。(4) 结论：富含鸡蛋、牛奶、海鲜以及未加工的家禽和动物肉类的饮食可能是预防HG的保护因素，而高饮料摄入的饮食可能对HG有害。这些关联可能因产次、就业状况和营养补充剂使用情况而异。
