Peng Ya-Qi, Deng Xiao-Hui, Xu Zhi-Bin, Wu Zi-Cong, Fu Qing-Ling
Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Eur J Immunol. 2023 Oct;53(10):e2149510. doi: 10.1002/eji.202149510. Epub 2023 Sep 6.
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have long been considered a potential tool for treatment of allergic inflammatory diseases, owing to their immunomodulatory characteristics. In recent decades, the medical utility of MSCs has been evaluated both in vitro and in vivo, providing a foundation for therapeutic applications. However, the existing limitations of MSC therapy indicate the necessity for novel therapies. Notably, small extracellular vesicles (sEV) derived from MSCs have emerged rapidly as candidates instead of their parental cells. The acquisition of abundant and scalable MSC-sEV is an obstacle for clinical applications. The potential application of MSC-sEV in allergic diseases has attracted increasing attention from researchers. By carrying biological microRNAs or active proteins, MSC-sEV can modulate the function of various innate and adaptive immune cells. In this review, we summarise the recent advances in the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs in allergic diseases, the cellular sources of MSC-sEV, and the methods for obtaining high-quality human MSC-sEV. In addition, we discuss the immunoregulatory capacity of MSCs and MSC-sEV for the treatment of asthma, atopic dermatitis, and allergic rhinitis, with a special emphasis on their immunoregulatory effects and the underlying mechanisms of immune cell modulation.
由于间充质基质细胞（MSCs）具有免疫调节特性，长期以来一直被视为治疗过敏性炎症疾病的潜在工具。近几十年来，MSCs的医学效用已在体外和体内进行了评估，为其治疗应用奠定了基础。然而，MSCs治疗目前存在的局限性表明需要新的治疗方法。值得注意的是，源自MSCs的小细胞外囊泡（sEV）作为替代其亲代细胞的候选物迅速出现。获得大量且可扩展的MSC-sEV是临床应用的一个障碍。MSC-sEV在过敏性疾病中的潜在应用已引起研究人员越来越多的关注。通过携带生物微小RNA或活性蛋白，MSC-sEV可以调节各种先天性和适应性免疫细胞的功能。在这篇综述中，我们总结了MSCs在过敏性疾病中的免疫调节特性、MSC-sEV的细胞来源以及获得高质量人MSC-sEV的方法的最新进展。此外，我们讨论了MSCs和MSC-sEV对哮喘、特应性皮炎和过敏性鼻炎的免疫调节能力，特别强调了它们的免疫调节作用以及免疫细胞调节的潜在机制。
