Borkakoty Biswajyoti, Bali Nargis K, Jakaria Aniruddha, Hazarika Rahul, Temsu T, Gohain Munmun, Kaur Harpreet
Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre for NE Region, Bokel, Dibrugarh, 786010, Assam, India.
Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sher-I Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India.
Indian J Med Microbiol. 2023 Sep-Oct;45:100397. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2023.100397. Epub 2023 Jun 9.
Norovirus gastroenteritis, known to cause 'winter vomiting disease' is increasingly being identified as a major cause of viral gastroenteritis worldwide. The impact and prevalence of this viral disease are lacking in many parts of India including northeast India. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and association of norovirus gastroenteritis among under-five-year-old hospitalized children in two cities in northeast India (Dibrugarh in Assam & Dimapur in Nagaland).
A retrospective analysis of 407 randomly selected diarrheal stool samples was conducted using a commercial multiplex probed-based real-time RT-PCR assay capable of detecting six-viral gastroenteritis pathogens including Norovirus GI, Norovirus GII, Rotavirus, Human Adenovirus, Human Astrovirus, and Sapovirus.
Results showed that norovirus was detected in 18.4% of the samples (75/407; 95% CI: 14.8%-22.5%), with norovirus genogroup II being the predominant group in 97.3% of norovirus cases. A significant association of norovirus diarrhea was found with seasonality, with higher prevalence in colder months compared to warmer months (22.4% vs 9.1%, p-value:0.002). Additionally, 66.7% (50/75) of cases of norovirus gastroenteritis had reported vomiting as the major symptom and had a shorter duration of diarrhea (p-value 0.03). Co-infections with other viral pathogens were seen in 45.9% (187/407) of the cases. The detection of rotavirus was 67.1% (273/407), human adenovirus (45.9%; 187/407), sapovirus and astrovirus (5.9%, 24/407 each), and norovirus GI (0.5%, 2/407) among the cases.
This study reports the prevalence of norovirus gastroenteritis in northeast India and further highlights that norovirus gastroenteritis is responsible for substantial cases of hospitalization of under-five years children in the region.
诺如病毒胃肠炎，已知会引发“冬季呕吐病”，正日益被确认为全球病毒性胃肠炎的主要病因。在印度的许多地区，包括印度东北部，这种病毒性疾病的影响和流行情况尚不清楚。本研究旨在确定印度东北部两个城市（阿萨姆邦的迪布鲁格尔和那加兰邦的迪马布尔）五岁以下住院儿童中诺如病毒胃肠炎的患病率及相关性。
使用一种基于多重探针的商业实时逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测方法，对407份随机选取的腹泻粪便样本进行回顾性分析，该方法能够检测六种病毒性胃肠炎病原体，包括诺如病毒GI、诺如病毒GII、轮状病毒、人腺病毒、人星状病毒和札幌病毒。
结果显示，18.4%的样本（75/407；95%置信区间：14.8%-22.5%）检测出诺如病毒，其中97.3%的诺如病毒病例以诺如病毒基因II型为主。发现诺如病毒腹泻与季节有显著相关性，较温暖月份相比，寒冷月份的患病率更高（22.4%对9.1%，p值：0.002）。此外，66.7%（50/75）的诺如病毒胃肠炎病例报告呕吐为主要症状，且腹泻持续时间较短（p值0.03）。45.9%（187/407）的病例出现了与其他病毒病原体的合并感染。病例中轮状病毒的检出率为67.1%（273/407），人腺病毒为45.9%（187/40），札幌病毒和星状病毒各为5.9%（24/407），诺如病毒GI为0.5%（2/407）。
本研究报告了印度东北部诺如病毒胃肠炎的患病率，并进一步强调诺如病毒胃肠炎是该地区五岁以下儿童大量住院病例的病因。
