Moje Nebyou, Bari Fufa Dawo, Urge Beksisa, Demissie Ejigayehu
College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.
Holeta and Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Centers, EIAR, Oromia, Ethiopia.
Vet Med (Auckl). 2023 Aug 8;14:133-143. doi: 10.2147/VMRR.S403127. eCollection 2023.
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is viral disease affecting cattle production and productivity in Ethiopia. As a prevention method, vaccinations have been used for a long period with a questionable output due to the existence of LSD outbreaks in vaccinated herds in different parts of Ethiopia.
A longitudinal study was performed from October 2019 to April 2020 with the objective of assessing the humoral immune response of cattle with a serum neutralization test (SNT) from different management systems in central Ethiopia. In this study, theserum was collected from 113 cattle (extensive (60/113) and intensive (53/113) management systems) before and after vaccination.
From collected sera, a limited number of cattle had seroconversion before vaccination (7.08%). On the other hand, it is obvious the seroconversion rises post vaccination. Accordingly, seroconversion starts to increase after a week (8.85% at 7 dpv) post-vaccination which proceeds to significantly increase at 30 days post vaccination (dpv) (41.65% (25/60)). Furthermore, the risk factor study before and after vaccination showed intensively managed cattle with significantly higher levels of antibody titer at 7 dpv (OR = 1.17; 95% CI = 0.22, 6.2; p = 0.016) and 30 dpv (OR = 3.67; 95% CI = 1.1, 12.29; p = 0.035) compared with that of extensively managed cattle. The other animal-related risk factor that showed a significant difference was breeds and a specific age group ([4½, 7] years) at 15 dpv (OR = 6.69; 95% CI = 2.02, 22.08; p = 0.002) and 30 dpv (OR = 4.24; 95% CI = 1.22, 14.71; p = 0.023); respectively.
This study showed an overall lower antibody detection across the study, posing a question on the current LSD-vaccine efficacy. Therefore, a circulating strain of LSDV should be cross-checked with the vaccine strain and adaptations should be made from it.
结节性皮肤病（LSD）是一种影响埃塞俄比亚养牛业生产及生产力的病毒性疾病。作为一种预防方法，疫苗接种已使用很长时间，但由于埃塞俄比亚不同地区接种疫苗的牛群中仍有LSD疫情爆发，其效果存疑。
于2019年10月至2020年4月进行了一项纵向研究，目的是通过血清中和试验（SNT）评估埃塞俄比亚中部不同养殖系统的牛的体液免疫反应。在本研究中，在接种疫苗前后从113头牛（粗放式养殖（60/113）和集约式养殖（53/113）系统）采集血清。
在采集的血清中，接种疫苗前仅有少数牛发生血清转化（7.08%）。另一方面，接种疫苗后血清转化率明显上升。因此，血清转化率在接种疫苗一周后（接种后7天为8.85%）开始上升，并在接种后30天（dpv）显著增加（41.65%（25/60））。此外，接种疫苗前后的风险因素研究表明，与粗放式养殖的牛相比，集约式养殖的牛在接种后7天（OR = 1.17；95% CI = 0.22, 6.2；p = 0.016）和30天（OR = 3.67；95% CI = 1.1, 12.29；p = 0.035）时抗体滴度水平显著更高。另一个显示出显著差异的与动物相关的风险因素是品种以及在接种后15天（OR = 6.69；95% CI = 2.02, 22.08；p = 0.002）和30天（OR = 4.24；95% CI = 1.22, 14.71；p = 0.023）时的特定年龄组（[4.5, 7]岁）。
本研究表明在整个研究过程中抗体检测总体较低，这对当前LSD疫苗的效力提出了质疑。因此，应将LSDV的流行毒株与疫苗毒株进行交叉核对，并据此进行调整。
