Bamouh Zahra, Hamdi Jihane, Fellahi Siham, Khayi Slimane, Jazouli Mohammed, Tadlaoui Khalid Omari, Fihri Ouafaa Fassi, Tuppurainen Eeva, Elharrak Mehdi
MCI Santé Animale, Mohammedia 28810, Morocco.
Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, B.P 6202, Rabat 10112, Morocco.
Vaccines (Basel). 2021 Jun 8;9(6):621. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9060621.
Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) causes an economically important disease in cattle. The only method for successful control is early diagnosis and efficient vaccination. Adverse effects of vaccination such as local inflammation at the injection site and localized or generalized skin lesions in some vaccinated animals have been reported with live vaccines. The aim of this work was to compare the safety of two lumpy skin disease (LSD) vaccine strains, Kenyan (Kn) Sheep and Goat Pox (KSGP O-240) and LSDV Neethling (Nt) strain, and to determine the etiology of the post-vaccination (pv) reactions observed in cattle. Experimental cattle were vaccinated under controlled conditions with Nt- and KSGP O-240-based vaccines, using two different doses, and animals were observed for 3 months for any adverse reactions. Three out of 45 cattle vaccinated with LSDV Nt strain (6.7%) and three out of 24 cattle vaccinated with Kn strain (12.5%) presented LSD-like skin nodules, providing evidence that the post-vaccination lesions may not be strain-dependent. Lesions appeared 1-3 weeks after vaccination and were localized in the neck or covering the whole body. Animals recovered after 3 weeks. There is a positive correlation between the vaccine dose and the appearance of skin lesions in vaccinated animals; at the 105 dose, 12% of the animals reacted versus 3.7% at the 104 dose. Both strains induced solid immunity when protection was measured by neutralizing antibody seroconversion.
结节性皮肤病病毒（LSDV）可引发牛的一种具有重要经济影响的疾病。成功防控的唯一方法是早期诊断和高效接种疫苗。据报道，使用活疫苗时会出现接种疫苗的不良反应，如注射部位局部炎症以及部分接种动物出现局部或全身性皮肤病变。这项工作的目的是比较两种结节性皮肤病（LSD）疫苗毒株，即肯尼亚（Kn）羊痘和山羊痘（KSGP O - 240）毒株与LSDV尼斯林（Nt）毒株的安全性，并确定牛接种疫苗后（pv）出现的反应的病因。在可控条件下，用基于Nt和KSGP O - 240的疫苗对实验牛进行接种，使用两种不同剂量，并对动物观察3个月以监测任何不良反应。接种LSDV Nt毒株的45头牛中有3头（6.7%）以及接种Kn毒株的24头牛中有3头（12.5%）出现了类似LSD的皮肤结节，这表明接种疫苗后的病变可能与毒株无关。病变在接种疫苗后1 - 3周出现，位于颈部或遍布全身。动物在3周后康复。接种动物的疫苗剂量与皮肤病变的出现之间存在正相关；在10⁵剂量时，12%的动物出现反应，而在10⁴剂量时为3.7%。当通过中和抗体血清转化来衡量保护效果时，两种毒株均诱导出了稳固的免疫力。
