[Evolution of acupuncture techniques for diseases and the rise and fall of doctrine].

It has the important enlightenment and reference significance for the inheritance and innovation of (sinew/fascia) diseases and its theoretic basis, (muscle region of meridian) doctrine by sorting out the origin of the acupuncture techniques for diseases and exploring the root of its rise and fall. Using context analysis, overall investigation and practice test, the paper elaborates the basic concepts, e.g. needling techniques for , , (muscular contracture) and (knotted tendon), and doctrine. In particular, the three key concepts, i.e. (heating after needling), (feelings from patients and acupuncture operators) and (the worst painful sites of muscle spasm) are deeply investigated. These three concepts, involved in the treatment of disorders, treatment principles and methods, are of a great controversy in the current academic circle. The author clarified the category of needling for disease and main needling techniques, investigated specially the origin of and (repeated needling directly on the foci), and explored the evolution of the needling methods that had been controversial or neglected for a long time, i.e. (technique for inducing heat inside for cold obstruction), , (inserting the needles around the foci), (intramuscular needling) and (deep puncturing to the peritoneum or on front- points). Finally, from the relationship between and (meridian), and the differences between dry needling and acupuncture technique for diseases, the author explored the crucial problems and countermeasures urgently required in the future development of doctrine so as to provide the references for the theoretical innovation of acupuncture- moxibustion science.