Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
J Ment Health. 2024 Jun;33(3):295-303. doi: 10.1080/09638237.2023.2245887. Epub 2023 Aug 14.
Self-harm behaviors (performed with either lethal and non-lethal intentions) are common, especially among individuals suffering from mood disorders, and the reasons individuals self-harm vary both by person and by the type of behavior. Understanding these variations may help clinicians determine levels of risk more accurately.
To understand whether culture and gender are associated with the likelihood of engaging in specific self-harm behaviors and whether the intention (lethal, ambivalent, non-lethal) of these behaviors vary with culture and gender.
2826 individuals took part in an international multilingual online depression/suicidality screening study and reported at least one instance of self-harm in the past year. Participants were grouped into six broad cultural categories (Latin America, South Asia, Russian, Western English, Chinese, Arab).
3-way (culture x gender x intent) interactions were observed for several self-harm behaviors (overdosing, self-burning, asphyxiating, poisoning, and jumping from heights), suggesting that individuals engage in each of these behaviors with different intentions depending on gender and culture. Cultures and genders likewise differed in the likelihood of engaging in several self-harm behaviors.
Clinicians should consider culture and gender when assessing for suicide risk, as similar self-harming behaviors may reflect different intentions depending on an individual's culture and gender.
自伤行为（有意或无意造成伤害）很常见，尤其是在患有情绪障碍的人群中，且个体自伤的原因因人和行为类型而异。了解这些差异可能有助于临床医生更准确地确定风险水平。
了解文化和性别是否与特定自伤行为的发生几率有关，以及这些行为的意图（致死、矛盾、非致死）是否因文化和性别而异。
2826 名参与者参加了一项国际多语言在线抑郁/自杀筛查研究，并报告了过去一年中至少有一次自伤行为。参与者被分为六大文化类别（拉丁美洲、南亚、俄罗斯、西方英语、中国、阿拉伯）。
观察到几种自伤行为（过量服药、自焚、窒息、中毒和从高处跳下）存在 3 -way（文化 x 性别 x 意图）交互作用，这表明个体根据性别和文化以不同的意图进行每种行为。不同文化和性别在几种自伤行为的发生几率上也存在差异。
临床医生在评估自杀风险时应考虑文化和性别因素，因为相似的自伤行为可能因个体的文化和性别而反映出不同的意图。
