Szejko Natalia, Schlarmann Heike Grosse, Müller-Vahl Kirsten R
Clinic of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
Department of Bioethics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Sci Rep. 2025 Aug 25;15(1):31238. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-12023-5.
The majority of patients with chronic tic disorders suffer from psychiatric comorbidities, most frequently attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), depression, and anxiety. While characteristics of these psychiatric disorders are widely known, other comorbidities including self-injurious behaviors (SIB) and body focused repetitive behaviors (BFRB) are still under-investigated. Currently, there is a controversial discussion whether BFRB and SIB belong to the same spectrum because of clinical similarities or they represent distinct entities. In this study, we investigated the clinical profile of BFRB in a large sample of adult patients (N = 123) with chronic tic disorders. Current urge and/or behavior to perform BFRB was reported by 59 participants (48%). BFRB were overall more frequent in females, individuals with comorbid OCD, and more severe tics. Both urges and behaviors to perform BFRB had a negative impact on quality of life. When comparing patients with comorbid SIB and those with comorbid BFRB, SIB was found in younger patients with more severe tics and comorbid ADHD. From our data it is suggested that SIB and BFRB belong to the same spectrum with SIB indicating the more severe clinical manifestation.
大多数慢性抽动障碍患者患有精神共病，最常见的是注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）、强迫症（OCD）、抑郁症和焦虑症。虽然这些精神障碍的特征广为人知，但包括自伤行为（SIB）和躯体聚焦重复行为（BFRB）在内的其他共病仍研究不足。目前，关于BFRB和SIB是因临床相似性而属于同一谱系，还是代表不同的实体，存在争议性的讨论。在本研究中，我们调查了一大群成年慢性抽动障碍患者（N = 123）中BFRB的临床特征。59名参与者（48%）报告了当前进行BFRB的冲动和/或行为。总体而言，BFRB在女性、合并OCD的个体以及抽动更严重的个体中更常见。进行BFRB的冲动和行为均对生活质量有负面影响。在比较合并SIB的患者和合并BFRB的患者时，发现SIB多见于抽动更严重且合并ADHD的年轻患者。从我们的数据来看，提示SIB和BFRB属于同一谱系，SIB表明临床表现更严重。
