Duntas Leonidas H
Evgenideion Hospital, Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Thyroid Section, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2023 Dec 1;30(6):324-329. doi: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000831. Epub 2023 Aug 13.
The aim of this review was to determine, based on the most recent findings, the involvement of trace elements and vitamins critical for thyroid function and combating thyroid disease.
Nutritional guidance is pivotal to reducing the risk of thyroid disease and to managing it when it arises, this meaning the prescription of diets rich in such micronutrients as iodine, selenium, iron, zinc, and vitamins B12, D3, and A. Most of the above micronutrients are good antioxidants, building up an anti-inflammatory profile, reducing thyroid autoantibodies and body fat, and improving thyroid function. Diets are increasingly being prescribed, especially for those suffering from Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Notable among prescribed diets is the Mediterranean diet. Rich in critical elements, it benefits patients at the immune endocrine and biomolecular levels.
Importantly, it is likely that widespread adherence to the Mediterranean diet, together with a reduction of meat consumption and potential elimination of gluten and lactose may improve inflammation and have an impact on public health while possibly diminishing thyroiditis symptoms. It is hoped that this review can direct policymakers towards undertaking cost-effective interventions to minimize deficiency of essential minerals and vitamins and thus protect both general and thyroid health.
本综述的目的是根据最新研究结果，确定对甲状腺功能和对抗甲状腺疾病至关重要的微量元素和维生素的作用。
营养指导对于降低甲状腺疾病风险以及在疾病发生时进行管理至关重要，这意味着要开具富含碘、硒、铁、锌等微量营养素以及维生素B12、D3和A的饮食处方。上述大多数微量营养素都是良好的抗氧化剂，有助于建立抗炎状态，降低甲状腺自身抗体和体脂，并改善甲状腺功能。越来越多地开出特定饮食处方，尤其是针对患有桥本甲状腺炎的患者。在规定的饮食中，地中海饮食尤为突出。它富含关键元素，在免疫内分泌和生物分子水平上对患者有益。
重要的是，广泛坚持地中海饮食，同时减少肉类消费，并可能消除麸质和乳糖，可能会改善炎症，对公众健康产生影响，同时可能减轻甲状腺炎症状。希望本综述能够引导政策制定者采取具有成本效益的干预措施，以尽量减少必需矿物质和维生素的缺乏，从而保护公众健康和甲状腺健康。
