Wang Qi, Wu Yixin, Ge Jiahao, Xu Xiaoying, Lei Xinhui, Wang Jiale, Wan Chenxi, Wang Pengke, Gao Xiaoli, Gao Jinfeng
Northwest A&F University, College of Agronomy/State Key Laboratory of Crop, China; Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China.
Northwest A&F University, College of Agronomy/State Key Laboratory of Crop, China; Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Dec 10;903:166261. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166261. Epub 2023 Aug 12.
In the pursuit of green agricultural development, alleviating the harmful effects of herbicides is critical. Herbicide safeners have been identified as an effective solution to safeguard crops without compromising the herbicidal efficacy. However, the impact of combined applications of herbicide and safeners on the physiological characteristics, growth, yield of common buckwheat, and soil enzyme activities remains unclear. Therefore, a two-year (2021 and 2022) field experiment was conducted in the Loess Plateau region of Northwest China under seven treatments: herbicide metolachlor application alone (H1); herbicide metolachlor combined with gibberellin (H1S1); herbicide metolachlor combined with brassinolide (H1S2); herbicide metolachlor combined with naian (H1S3); herbicide metolachlor combined with jiecaotong (H1S4); manual weeding (CK1) and spraying the same volume of water (CK2). The results indicated that H1S3 minimized herbicide toxicity while sustaining the herbicide control efficacy. H1S2 treatment significantly increased the chlorophyll content (SPAD value), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) activities, and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the leaves compared to H1 treatment. Additionally, the safeners helped restore the biochemical homeostasis of the soil by preventing the inhibition of invertase and urease activities and increasing soil catalase activity. Furthermore, H1S2 promotion of dry matter accumulation, alleviation of herbicide inhibition on plant height, stem diameter, grainnumber per plant and thousand-grain weight resulted in a significant increase in grain yield (14.36 % in 2021 and 27.78 % in 2022) compared to other safener treatments. Overall, this study demonstrates that brassinolide as a safener can effectively mitigate the negative effects of herbicide on the growth and development of common buckwheat while also improving grain yield. These findings provide valuable technical guidance for sustainable and intensive production of common buckwheat in the Loess Plateau of Northwest China.
在追求绿色农业发展的过程中，减轻除草剂的有害影响至关重要。除草剂安全剂已被确定为一种既能保护作物又不影响除草效果的有效解决方案。然而，除草剂与安全剂联合应用对苦荞生理特性、生长、产量及土壤酶活性的影响尚不清楚。因此，于2021年和2022年在中国西北黄土高原地区进行了为期两年的田间试验，设置了7种处理：单独施用除草剂异丙甲草胺（H1）；除草剂异丙甲草胺与赤霉素联合施用（H1S1）；除草剂异丙甲草胺与油菜素内酯联合施用（H1S2）；除草剂异丙甲草胺与萘胺联合施用（H1S3）；除草剂异丙甲草胺与解草酮联合施用（H1S4）；人工除草（CK1）和喷施等量清水（CK2）。结果表明，H1S3在维持除草剂防效的同时将除草剂毒性降至最低。与H1处理相比，H1S2处理显著提高了叶片叶绿素含量（SPAD值）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）活性，并降低了丙二醛（MDA）含量。此外，安全剂通过防止对蔗糖酶和脲酶活性的抑制并提高土壤过氧化氢酶活性，有助于恢复土壤的生化平衡。此外，与其他安全剂处理相比，H1S2促进干物质积累，减轻除草剂对株高、茎粗、单株粒数和千粒重的抑制，使籽粒产量显著增加（2021年增加14.36%，2022年增加27.78%）。总体而言，本研究表明，油菜素内酯作为一种安全剂可有效减轻除草剂对苦荞生长发育的负面影响，同时提高籽粒产量。这些研究结果为中国西北黄土高原地区苦荞的可持续集约生产提供了有价值的技术指导。
