Pacces Zaffaroni N, Zavanella T, Cattaneo A, Arias E
Environ Res. 1986 Oct;41(1):79-87. doi: 10.1016/s0013-9351(86)80169-4.
The toxicity of the herbicide Agroxone 5, a commercial formulation of the iso-octyl ester of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), in the adult crested newt (Triturus cristatus carnifex) was tested after percutaneous exposure. The compound was lethal to all the animals within 72 hr at concentrations of 100, 125, and 150 ppm. Males appeared to be more susceptible than females to the toxic effects of 2,4-D, since the LT50 values at 75 ppm were 102 and 132 hr for male and female newts, respectively. At 50 ppm, all the males died within 31 days of exposure, whereas the females were still alive at the end of the 3-month experiment. Only one male died at 25 ppm after 21 days. Vacuolar degeneration of liver parenchyma and necrosis of kidney tubules were found at lethal concentrations of 2,4-D. The severity of the lesions was related to the duration of exposure more than to the concentration of the herbicide.
对成年冠欧螈（Triturus cristatus carnifex）经皮接触除草剂阿果克斯5（2,4-二氯苯氧基乙酸异辛酯（2,4-D）的一种商业配方）后的毒性进行了测试。该化合物在浓度为100、125和150 ppm时，72小时内对所有动物均具有致死性。雄性冠欧螈似乎比雌性对2,4-D的毒性作用更敏感，因为在75 ppm时，雄性和雌性冠欧螈的半数致死时间（LT50）值分别为102小时和132小时。在50 ppm时，所有雄性在接触31天内死亡，而在为期3个月的实验结束时雌性仍存活。在25 ppm时，仅1只雄性在21天后死亡。在2,4-D的致死浓度下，发现肝实质出现空泡变性和肾小管坏死。病变的严重程度与接触持续时间的关系大于与除草剂浓度的关系。
