Zaffaroni N P, Arias E, Capodanno G, Zavanella T
Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1978 Aug;20(2):261-7. doi: 10.1007/BF01683518.
The toxicity of ethylenebisdithiocarbamate (maneb), a widely used agricultural fungicide, to the adult newt (Triturus cristatus carnifex) was evaluated after percutaneous exposure. Maneb was lethal to all the animals at the 50 ppm level within fifteen days. Male newts seem to be less resistant to the toxicant than females. At concentrations as low as 25 ppm all males died within 25 days, whereas some of the females were still alive after 5 months. Microscopic examination showed that the skin and the kidney were the most severely affected organs. It has been hypothesized that an osmoregulatory breakdown and an impairment of cutaneous respiratory exchanges play a role in the death of the animals. Renal failure must also be taken into account. However, additional mechanisms can not be ruled out at present.
广泛使用的农用杀菌剂乙撑双二硫代氨基甲酸盐（代森锰）经皮暴露后对成年蝾螈（Triturus cristatus carnifex）的毒性进行了评估。在15天内，50 ppm水平的代森锰对所有动物均具有致死性。雄性蝾螈似乎比雌性对该毒物的抵抗力更弱。在低至25 ppm的浓度下，所有雄性在25天内死亡，而一些雌性在5个月后仍存活。显微镜检查表明，皮肤和肾脏是受影响最严重的器官。据推测，渗透调节功能崩溃和皮肤呼吸交换受损在动物死亡中起作用。肾衰竭也必须考虑在内。然而，目前不能排除其他机制。
