Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group, California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, USA.
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Northridge, California, USA.
Astrobiology. 2023 Aug;23(8):835-845. doi: 10.1089/ast.2022.0052.
To support NASA's Mars 2020 mission, bioassays were performed to ensure the biological cleanliness of the spacecraft, instruments, and hardware assembly areas. Bioassays began in May 2014, as the first components were assembled, and continued until their launch in July 2020. Over this 6-year period, 1811 bioassay sampling sessions were conducted. To understand the nature of microbiological presence on and around the spacecraft, an archive of organisms resulting from the bioassays was assembled. This archive included 4232 microbial specimens preserved as frozen stocks. To date, more than 3489 microbial isolates have been tested by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis. Identifications were based on high confidence level matches to known microorganisms in the reference spectra database where 39 distinct genera were identified. Gram-positive bacteria were isolated almost exclusively. Most, but not all, were spore-forming genera. The most prevalent genera isolated in order of frequency were and . Within the largely represented like genera, the five most prevalent species were and
为支持美国宇航局的“火星 2020 任务”，进行了生物测定，以确保航天器、仪器和硬件组件区域的生物清洁度。生物测定于 2014 年 5 月开始，当时第一批部件开始组装，并持续到 2020 年 7 月发射。在这 6 年期间，共进行了 1811 次生物测定采样。为了了解航天器内外微生物存在的性质，建立了一个生物测定产生的生物体档案。该档案包括 4232 个以冷冻库存形式保存的微生物标本。迄今为止，已有超过 3489 个微生物分离物通过 MALDI-TOF 质谱分析进行了测试。鉴定是基于对参考光谱数据库中已知微生物的高置信度匹配，在该数据库中鉴定出 39 个不同的属。分离出的细菌几乎都是革兰氏阳性菌。大多数（但不是全部）是形成孢子的属。按频率顺序分离出的最常见的属是 和 。在大量代表的相似属中，最常见的五个种是 和 。
