Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria.
Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, College of Health Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria.
Afr J Reprod Health. 2022 Dec;26(12s):161-168. doi: 10.29063/ajrh2022/v26i12s.17.
In developing countries such as Nigeria, anaemia in pregnancy is thought to be one of the most common complications of pregnancy accounting for a significant level of maternal morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy among women attending the booking Antenatal Clinic (ANC) in Benue State University Teaching Hospital (BSUTH), North-Central, Nigeria. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from May 2019 to January, 2020 on 299 women. A structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used to obtain socio-demographic, clinical, and nutritional information from pregnant women attending the clinic who consented to participate in the study. Haematocrit levels were stratified according to the World Health Organisation's (WHO) classification as follows: <7mg/dL - severe, 7-8.99mg/dL - moderate, 9-10.99mg/dL - mild anaemia and ≧ 11mg/dL - non-anaemic. Data were analysed using SPSS version 25.0. Chi-square test was conducted to determine relationships. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the risk factors for anaemia among pregnant women. P-value <0.05 and odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval were used to assess the association. The mean age of respondents was 29.9, ranging from 18 - 40 years. One hundred and twenty-three (41.1%) women were anaemic (haemoglobin [Hb] < 11.0 g/dL). The majority (95.1%) of these anaemic patients were mildly anaemic, whereas 4.9% were moderately anaemic. There was no case of severe anaemia (Hb < 7.0 g/dL). The prevalence of anaemia was significantly higher in those within the age group of 20-24 years and those with lower levels of education (P < 0.05). The patient's gestational age, number of miscarriages and birth interval had no significant relationship with the haemoglobin concentration among the pregnant women in this study (P > 0.05). However, parity, clinical features such as fever, and practices like use of haematinics and non-consumption of meat, poultry and fish were significantly related to anaemia (P < 0.05). The pregnant women who did not take haematinics were 5.8 times likely to develop anaemia (OR=5.8, 95%CI [2.3, 14.5]) while pregnant women who did not eat meat, poultry or fish were 9 times more likely to become anaemic than pregnant women who ate (OR=9.0, 95%CI [1.0, 79.5]). The prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy is high among women attending booking antenatal clinic at BSUTH, North-Central, Nigeria, and requires specific intervention that address the identified risk factors.
在尼日利亚等发展中国家，妊娠贫血被认为是妊娠最常见的并发症之一，可导致产妇发病率和死亡率显著上升。本研究旨在确定在尼日利亚中北部贝努埃州立大学教学医院（BSUTH）产前预约门诊就诊的孕妇中妊娠贫血的患病率。这是一项 2019 年 5 月至 2020 年 1 月进行的横断面描述性研究，共纳入了 299 名女性。研究采用了由调查员管理的问卷，以获取参加诊所的孕妇的社会人口统计学、临床和营养信息，这些孕妇同意参与研究。根据世界卫生组织（WHO）的分类，将血细胞比容水平分层为：<7mg/dL-严重，7-8.99mg/dL-中度，9-10.99mg/dL-轻度贫血和≧11mg/dL-非贫血。使用 SPSS 版本 25.0 分析数据。卡方检验用于确定关系。使用多元逻辑回归模型确定孕妇贫血的危险因素。P 值<0.05 和 95%置信区间的比值比用于评估关联。受访者的平均年龄为 29.9 岁，年龄范围为 18-40 岁。123 名（41.1%）女性贫血（血红蛋白[Hb] < 11.0g/dL）。这些贫血患者中，大多数（95.1%）为轻度贫血，而 4.9%为中度贫血。没有严重贫血（Hb < 7.0g/dL）的病例。在 20-24 岁年龄组和教育程度较低的人群中，贫血的患病率显著更高（P<0.05）。在这项研究中，孕妇的妊娠年龄、流产次数和出生间隔与血红蛋白浓度之间没有显著关系（P>0.05）。然而，产次、发热等临床特征以及使用血液制剂和不食用肉类、家禽和鱼类等做法与贫血显著相关（P<0.05）。未服用血液制剂的孕妇发生贫血的可能性是服用血液制剂的孕妇的 5.8 倍（OR=5.8，95%CI [2.3, 14.5]），而不食用肉类、家禽或鱼类的孕妇发生贫血的可能性是食用这些食物的孕妇的 9 倍（OR=9.0，95%CI [1.0, 79.5]）。在尼日利亚中北部贝努埃州立大学教学医院产前预约门诊就诊的孕妇中，妊娠贫血的患病率较高，需要针对已确定的危险因素采取具体干预措施。
