School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing & Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2023 Aug;44(8):682-689. doi: 10.1080/01612840.2023.2232862. Epub 2023 Aug 16.
Gambling disorders are a serious public health problem. This manuscript will provide a comprehensive overview on this topic. Gambling disorder involves repeated patterns of gambling behaviors, that result in significant distress or impairment in a person's interpersonal relationships, employment, educational/career opportunities, and finances over a period of 12 months. Gambling is defined as an activity that involves risking something of value with the hopes of acquiring something of greater value. Comparable to substance use disorders, individuals with a gambling disorder may be unsuccessful in exercising control over their problematic behavior, engage in the behavior despite negative consequences, and have preoccupations/cravings to gamble. Gambling disorder has higher comorbidity rates of mental disorders including depression, anxiety, substance use, and personality disorders. Gamblers rarely seek treatment. Treatments must be tailored to the individual which may include psychological interventions, cognitive behavioral therapy, gamblers anonymous, and psychopharmacological agents such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, mood stabilizers, and opioid antagonists to treat clinical symptoms.
赌博障碍是一个严重的公共卫生问题。本文将对该主题进行全面概述。赌博障碍涉及重复的赌博行为模式，这些行为在 12 个月的时间内导致个人在人际关系、就业、教育/职业机会和财务方面产生显著的痛苦或损害。赌博被定义为一种涉及冒险某些有价值的东西以获得更有价值的东西的活动。与物质使用障碍类似，患有赌博障碍的个体可能无法成功地控制他们的问题行为，尽管有负面后果仍参与该行为，并对赌博产生困扰/渴望。赌博障碍与包括抑郁、焦虑、物质使用和人格障碍在内的精神障碍的共病率更高。赌徒很少寻求治疗。治疗必须针对个体进行，可能包括心理干预、认知行为疗法、匿名赌博者以及精神药理学药物，如选择性 5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂、心境稳定剂和阿片受体拮抗剂，以治疗临床症状。
