Emergency and Trauma Department, Hospital Melaka, Malaysia.
Emergency and Trauma Department, Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2023 Aug 16;17(8):e0011569. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011569. eCollection 2023 Aug.
Not all pit viper species are present in every state of Malaysia and their distribution varies according to altitude. There is limited information on pit viper bite incidence and its geographical distribution. This was a cross-sectional study of confirmed pit viper bite cases referred to Remote Envenomation Consultancy Services (RECS) from January 2017 to December 2020. Data was collected following the approval of institutional research ethics committee. Universal sampling methods were used. Confirmed pit viper bite cases in each state, geographical location and the antivenom used were reported. A total of 523 confirmed pit viper bite injuries occurred over the 4-year study period. The majority were Malaysians, male and young adults. Most were non-occupational related (83.9%) and involved the upper limbs (46.8%). The commonest pit viper species involved was Trimeresurus purpureomaculatus (23.7%). Green pit viper antivenom (GPAV) was the most frequent antivenom used (n = 51) with the majority of patients requiring only one dose (3 vials). This study provides a better appreciation of indigenous pit viper species distribution for each state and reflects the requirement of appropriate antivenom to be stocked in each state or district hospital.
并非所有的烙铁头蛇种类都存在于马来西亚的每个州，它们的分布因海拔而异。有关烙铁头蛇咬伤的发生率及其地理分布的信息有限。这是一项回顾性研究，对 2017 年 1 月至 2020 年 12 月期间向远程毒液咨询服务（RECS）转介的确诊烙铁头蛇咬伤病例进行了研究。在获得机构研究伦理委员会的批准后收集了数据。报告了每个州、地理位置和使用的抗蛇毒血清的确诊烙铁头蛇咬伤病例。在 4 年的研究期间，共发生 523 例确诊的烙铁头蛇咬伤。大多数是马来西亚人，男性和年轻人。大多数与非职业相关（83.9%），涉及上肢（46.8%）。最常见的烙铁头蛇种是紫灰山烙铁头蛇（23.7%）。使用最频繁的抗蛇毒血清是绿矛头蝮蛇抗蛇毒血清（GPAV）（n = 51），大多数患者只需使用一剂（3 瓶）。本研究更好地了解了每个州的本地烙铁头蛇种分布，并反映了每个州或地区医院所需的适当抗蛇毒血清的库存要求。
