Southern Alaska as a source of atmospheric mineral dust and ice-nucleating particles.

Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) influence cloud radiative properties and climate; however, INP sources and concentrations are poorly constrained, particularly in high-latitude regions. Southern Alaska is a known source of high-latitude dust, but its contribution to atmospheric mineral dust and INP concentrations has not been quantified. We show that glacial dust collected in southern Alaska is an effective ice-nucleating material under conditions relevant for mixed-phase clouds and is more active than low-latitude dust because of a biological component that enhances its activity. We use dispersion modeling to show that this source contributes to the regional INP population and that the dust emitted is transported over a broad area of North America, reaching altitudes where it could cause cloud glaciation. Our results highlight the importance of quantifying emissions and ice-nucleating characteristics of high-latitude dusts and suggest that the ice-nucleating ability of emitted dust in these regions should be represented in models using different parametrizations to low-latitude dust.