Lower loss rate of serotonergically modulated neuronal accumulator for time in patients with major depressive disorder.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by dramatic and persistent worsening of mood, as well as a subjective feeling of time slowing. However, experimental data on time perception are inconsistent. As serotonergic dysfunction implicated in MDD etiology, we aim to examine time perception in MDD through the framework of lossy temporal integration model, previously also related to serotonergic transmission. Thirty-one patients with recurrent depressive disorder in partial remission and thirty control participants, without a history of psychiatric and neurological disorders, performed duration discrimination of visual stimuli (duration ranges from 3.2 to 6.4 s) and subjective minute production tasks. To infer about central serotonergic transmission, an electroencephalogram in response to the 1000 Hz tone of different intensity (50, 60, 70 and 80 dB SPL) was recorded. Patients with MDD shorten the past durations in the duration discrimination task significantly less than controls, thus being more objective. No difference in the subjective minute production was recorded. Patients with MDD have also exhibited larger auditory evoked potentials in response to the tones of high intensity (70 and 80 dB SPL) when compared with the controls. This resulted in a steeper slope of auditory evoked potentials by intensity function. These converging findings suggest a lower loss rate of neuronal temporal accumulator modulated by serotonergic transmission in patients with MDD.