College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
Qinghai Delingha Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Comprehensive Service Center, Room 304, Jinghuawan Office Building, Chaidamu West Road, Delingha, 817099, Qinghai, China.
Environ Monit Assess. 2023 Aug 17;195(9):1051. doi: 10.1007/s10661-023-11623-w.
The application of phosphate fertilizer is an important source of anthropogenic fluoride in agricultural soil. However, relatively few studies have examined the fluoride content of phosphate fertilizers, and that has limited our understanding of the phosphate fertilizer contribution to soil fluoride accumulation and distribution. To examine this problem, we first quantified the total fluoride (TF) and water-soluble fluoride (WF) contents of six of the most commonly used commercial phosphate fertilizers in China (potassium dihydrogen phosphate (MKP), calcium superphosphate (SSP), monoammonium phosphate (MAP), diammonium phosphate (DAP), ternary compound fertilizer (NPK), and water-soluble macroelement fertilizer (WSF)). After calculating the [PO]/TF ratio for each of those fertilizers, we used those ratios and the average PO application per crop of five typical crops grown in China (apples, greenhouse vegetables, wheat, corn, and rice) to estimate the annual fluoride accumulations in their soils after application of each type of phosphate fertilizer. Among the six fertilizer types, SSP, DAP, and NPK had much higher total fluoride and water-soluble fluoride contents than MKP, MAP, and WSF had. During crop production, the risk of fluoride accumulation was lower with MKP, MAP, and WSF (high [PO]/TF ratios) and higher with SSP, DAP, and NPK (low [PO]/TF ratios), especially in cash crops (fruit and greenhouse vegetables), which traditionally have unreasonably high PO applications. Based on our findings, we proposed steps that should be taken to help effectively mitigate fluoride accumulation in China's agricultural soils.
磷肥的应用是农业土壤中人为氟的重要来源。然而，很少有研究检查过磷肥中的氟含量，这限制了我们对磷肥对土壤氟积累和分布的贡献的理解。为了研究这个问题，我们首先量化了中国六种最常用商业磷肥（磷酸二氢钾（MKP）、过磷酸钙（SSP）、磷酸一铵（MAP）、磷酸二铵（DAP）、三元复合肥（NPK）和水溶性大量元素肥（WSF））中的总氟（TF）和水溶性氟（WF）含量。计算了这些肥料中每个肥料的[PO]/TF 比值后，我们使用这些比值和中国五种典型作物（苹果、温室蔬菜、小麦、玉米和水稻）的平均 PO 施用量，估算了每种类型磷肥施用于这些作物后土壤中的氟年积累量。在这六种肥料类型中，SSP、DAP 和 NPK 的总氟和水溶性氟含量明显高于 MKP、MAP 和 WSF。在作物生产过程中，MKP、MAP 和 WSF（高[PO]/TF 比值）的氟积累风险较低，而 SSP、DAP 和 NPK（低[PO]/TF 比值）的氟积累风险较高，特别是在传统上 PO 施用量过高的经济作物（水果和温室蔬菜）中。基于我们的发现，我们提出了一些应采取的措施，以帮助有效减轻中国农业土壤中的氟积累。
