Duncan Markus J, Mitchell Jessica, Riazi Negin A, Belita Emily, Vanderloo Leigh M, Carsley Sarah, Carson Valerie, Chaput Jean-Philippe, Faulkner Guy, Leatherdale Scott T, Patte Karen A
Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, Saint Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
School of Nursing, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
SSM Popul Health. 2023 Jul 28;23:101477. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101477. eCollection 2023 Sep.
The purpose of this study was to assess if adolescent sub-populations in Canada (i.e., based on race/ethnicity, sex/gender, socioeconomic status, and urbanicity groups) experienced a larger change in sleep duration and guideline adherence between 2019 and 2020 (pre-pandemic) and the 2020-2021 (mid-pandemic) school years.
Longitudinally linked data from 2019 to 2020 (pre-pandemic) and 2020-2021 (mid-pandemic) of a prospective cohort study of secondary school students (M = 14.2, SD = 1.3 years, = 8209) in Canada were used for analyses. Regression modelling tested the main effects of race/ethnicity, sex/gender, socioeconomic status, and urbanicity on changes in sleep duration as well as adherence to Canada's 24-h Movement Guidelines for sleep (8-10 h/night). Interactions between identity variables (race/ethnicity or sex/gender) and other main effect variables were subsequently tested.
Females gained more sleep (4.5 [1.5, 7.5] min/day more) and increased guideline adherence (AOR = 1.16 [1.04, 1.30] than males on average. Asian race/ethnic identity was associated with less sleep gain than White identity -10.1 [-19.4, -0.8], but not guideline adherence. Individuals in large urban areas gained less sleep and adhered less to guidelines than individuals from any other level of urbanicity (-21.4 [-38.5, -4.2] to -15.5 [-30.7, -0.2] min/day). Higher individual SES scores were associated with greater sleep gain (linear trend: 11.16 [1.2-21.1]). The discrepancies in sleep gain and guideline adherence between males and females were significantly modified by race/ethnicity and urbanicity.
Increases in sleep duration may be one of the few benefits to adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic but were not equally distributed across sub-populations. Efforts to promote better sleep adherence may need to account for sex/gender differences, especially in less urbanized areas and certain racial/ethnic groups.
本研究旨在评估加拿大的青少年亚群体（即基于种族/族裔、性别、社会经济地位和城市化程度分组）在2019年至2020年（疫情前）以及2020年至2021年（疫情中期）学年期间的睡眠时间变化和对指南的遵循情况是否有更大差异。
使用加拿大一项针对中学生的前瞻性队列研究（M = 14.2，标准差 = 1.3岁，n = 8209）在2019年至2020年（疫情前）以及2020年至2021年（疫情中期）的纵向关联数据进行分析。回归模型检验了种族/族裔、性别、社会经济地位和城市化程度对睡眠时间变化以及对加拿大24小时睡眠运动指南（每晚8 - 10小时）遵循情况的主要影响。随后检验了身份变量（种族/族裔或性别）与其他主要影响变量之间的相互作用。
女性平均睡眠时间增加更多（每天多4.5 [1.5, 7.5]分钟），并且比男性更能遵循指南（调整后比值比 = 1.16 [1.04, 1.30]）。亚裔种族/族裔身份与睡眠时间增加少于白人身份相关（-10.1 [-19.4, -0.8]），但与遵循指南情况无关。与其他城市化程度的个体相比，大城市地区的个体睡眠时间增加较少且对指南的遵循程度较低（每天-21.4 [-38.5, -4.2]至-15.5 [-30.7, -0.2]分钟）。个体社会经济地位得分越高，睡眠时间增加越多（线性趋势：11.16 [1.2 - 21.1]）。种族/族裔和城市化程度显著改变了男性和女性在睡眠时间增加和遵循指南方面的差异。
睡眠时间增加可能是新冠疫情期间青少年为数不多的益处之一，但在亚群体中分布不均。促进更好地遵循睡眠指南的努力可能需要考虑性别差异，特别是在城市化程度较低的地区和某些种族/族裔群体中。
