Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Department of Medicine, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Basel, 4051, Switzerland.
Int Health. 2024 May 1;16(3):313-324. doi: 10.1093/inthealth/ihad058.
There are no recent data on the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (CVDRFs) in Lesotho. This study aims to assess the prevalence of CVDRFs and their determinants.
We conducted a household-based, cross-sectional survey among adults ≥18 y of age in 120 randomly sampled clusters in two districts.
Among 6061 participants, 52.2% were female and their median age was 39 y (interquartile range 27-58). The overall prevalence of overweight, diabetes, elevated blood pressure (BP) and tobacco use was 39.9%, 5.3%, 21.6% and 24.9%, respectively. Among participants, 34.6% had none, 45.2% had one and 20.2% had two or more CVDRFs. Women were more likely to have two or more CVDRFs (20.7% vs 12.3%). Overall, 7.5% of participants had elevated total cholesterol, 52.7% had low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and 1.6% had elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Among younger participants (18-29 y), 16.1% reported tobacco use, 28.6% were overweight, 1.5% had diabetes and 3.5% had elevated BP. Household wealth positively correlated with the prevalence of elevated BP, overweight and diabetes, whereas tobacco use was higher among people in the lowest three wealth quintiles.
CVDRFs are highly prevalent in Lesotho across age and sex groups, underlining the importance of strengthening prevention and care programs in Lesotho and similar settings in southern Africa.
莱索托最近没有心血管风险因素（CVDRFs）的流行数据。本研究旨在评估 CVDRFs 的流行情况及其决定因素。
我们在两个地区的 120 个随机抽样群集中进行了一项基于家庭的横断面调查，调查对象为年龄≥18 岁的成年人。
在 6061 名参与者中，52.2%为女性，中位数年龄为 39 岁（四分位距 27-58）。超重、糖尿病、血压升高和烟草使用的总体患病率分别为 39.9%、5.3%、21.6%和 24.9%。在参与者中，34.6%没有任何 CVDRFs，45.2%有一个，20.2%有两个或更多。女性更有可能有两个或更多的 CVDRFs（20.7%比 12.3%）。总体而言，7.5%的参与者总胆固醇升高，52.7%高密度脂蛋白胆固醇低，1.6%低密度脂蛋白胆固醇升高。在年轻参与者（18-29 岁）中，16.1%报告吸烟，28.6%超重，1.5%患有糖尿病，3.5%血压升高。家庭财富与血压升高、超重和糖尿病的患病率呈正相关，而烟草使用在财富最低的三个五分位数的人群中更高。
莱索托各年龄组和性别组的 CVDRFs 患病率均很高，这突显出加强莱索托和南部非洲类似环境中的预防和护理计划的重要性。
