Brewer Nathan Q, Thomas Kristie A, Guadalupe-Diaz Xavier
Simmons University, Boston, MA, USA.
Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
J Interpers Violence. 2024 Jan;39(1-2):35-58. doi: 10.1177/08862605231193445. Epub 2023 Aug 19.
Gender and sexual minoritized (GSM) youth are more likely than their cisgender heterosexual peers to experience intimate partner violence (IPV) and practice bondage and discipline, domination and submission, sadism, and masochism (BDSM). Although IPV and BDSM are vastly different phenomena, superficial similarities (e.g., violent behaviors) can lead to misidentification in both practice and research. This study explores how GSM youth (a) experience and understand the differences between IPV and BDSM and (b) report consensual violent and controlling behaviors when answering items on IPV measures. Nine demographically diverse GSM youth (mean age 21.2) were drawn from a GSM youth-serving organization in the Northeast United States. Participants were interviewed about their experiences with IPV, BDSM, and consent. Participants also were asked to describe the process of completing two standardized measures of IPV. Interviews were coded using conventional and directed content analysis. Eight of nine participants reported IPV victimization, and seven reported BDSM interest or experiences. Four themes emerged: (a) GSM youth experience a spectrum of IPV victimization, often related to their gender and sexual identity; (b) interest in BDSM does not imply an acceptance of IPV; (c) GSM youth have a nuanced understanding of consent and strategies to communicate consent with their partners; and (d) Consent is the organizing framework by which GSM youth distinguish IPV from BDSM. Participants reported various degrees of certainty that they would include BDSM behaviors when answering questions about violent behaviors. Findings underscore the importance of conceptually and operationally differentiating IPV and BDSM. Programs that serve GSM youth should address IPV victimization, offer sex-positive education regarding healthy relationships and BDSM, and assist GSM youth in differentiating abusive behaviors from consensual BDSM. Standardized measures that do not conflate BDSM with IPV are crucial for studying IPV among GSM youth.
性别和性少数群体（GSM）青年比他们的顺性别异性恋同龄人更有可能经历亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）并参与束缚与调教、支配与臣服、施虐与受虐（BDSM）行为。尽管IPV和BDSM是截然不同的现象，但表面上的相似之处（如暴力行为）可能导致在实践和研究中出现误判。本研究探讨了GSM青年如何（a）体验和理解IPV与BDSM之间的差异，以及（b）在回答IPV测量项目时报告双方自愿的暴力和控制行为。从美国东北部一个为GSM青年服务的组织中抽取了9名人口统计学特征各异的GSM青年（平均年龄21.2岁）。参与者接受了关于他们在IPV、BDSM和同意方面经历的访谈。参与者还被要求描述完成两项IPV标准化测量的过程。访谈采用传统和定向内容分析法进行编码。9名参与者中有8人报告曾遭受IPV侵害，7人报告对BDSM感兴趣或有相关经历。出现了四个主题：（a）GSM青年经历一系列IPV侵害，通常与他们的性别和性取向有关；（b）对BDSM的兴趣并不意味着接受IPV；（c）GSM青年对同意有细致入微的理解，以及与伴侣沟通同意的策略；（d）同意是GSM青年区分IPV和BDSM的组织框架。参与者报告在回答关于暴力行为的问题时，对于是否会将BDSM行为包括在内有不同程度的确定性。研究结果强调了在概念和操作上区分IPV和BDSM的重要性。为GSM青年服务的项目应解决IPV侵害问题，提供关于健康关系和BDSM的性积极教育，并帮助GSM青年区分虐待行为和双方自愿的BDSM行为。不将BDSM与IPV混为一谈的标准化测量对于研究GSM青年中的IPV至关重要。
