Song Yu, Wang Mian, Nie Luting, Liao Wei, Wei Dandan, Wang Lulu, Wang Juan, Xu Qingqing, Huan Changsheng, Jia Zexin, Mao Zhenxing, Wang Chongjian, Huo Wenqian
Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China.
Chemosphere. 2023 Nov;340:139868. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139868. Epub 2023 Aug 17.
Parabens, a widely exposed environmental endocrine disruptor, were reported to disturb glucose metabolism through various pathways in animal models, but epidemiologic studies are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the plasma parabens level in rural populations and their effects of single and mixed paraben exposure on T2DM based on the Henan Rural Cohort.
A total of 1713 participants (880 T2DM and 833 controls) from the Henan Rural Cohort Study were included in this case-control study. Generalized linear regression models were performed to assess the single and joint effects of parabens on T2DM and glucose metabolism indicators. In addition, the dose-response relationship of plasma parabens with T2DM and glucose metabolism indicators were explored by the restricted cubic splines. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) and quantile g-computation models were utilized to assess overall associations of paraben mixtures with T2DM and glucose metabolism indicators.
Σparabens and methylparaben (MeP) exposure significantly increased the risk of T2DM (P < 0.01). However, ethylparaben (EtP) and butylparaben (BuP) were negatively related to T2DM (P < 0.01). Notably, non-linear relationships of EtP and BuP with T2DM were observed. When the level of EtP or BuP was above the inflection point observed in dose-response curve, the ORs and 95% CIs were 1.453 (1.252, 1.686) and 1.982 (1.444, 2.721), respectively. Moreover, the result of quantile g-computation also showed that exposure to high concentration of parabens mixture was positively related to the risk of T2DM. BKMR model indicated that parabens mixture was associated with glycometabolism following a U-shape and parabens mixture increased the risk of dysglycemia when all parabens concentrations were at or above their 55th percentile compared with the median.
MeP or paraben mixture exposure levels showed a linear positive association with risk of T2DM. EtP and BuP were nonlinearly associated with glucose metabolism and moderate-high exposure contributed to T2DM.
对羟基苯甲酸酯是一种广泛存在的环境内分泌干扰物，据报道在动物模型中它通过多种途径干扰葡萄糖代谢，但流行病学研究有限。因此，本研究旨在基于河南农村队列调查农村人群血浆中对羟基苯甲酸酯水平及其单一和混合暴露对2型糖尿病的影响。
本病例对照研究纳入了河南农村队列研究中的1713名参与者（880例2型糖尿病患者和833名对照）。采用广义线性回归模型评估对羟基苯甲酸酯对2型糖尿病和葡萄糖代谢指标的单一及联合作用。此外，通过受限立方样条探索血浆对羟基苯甲酸酯与2型糖尿病及葡萄糖代谢指标的剂量反应关系。利用贝叶斯核机器回归（BKMR）和分位数g计算模型评估对羟基苯甲酸酯混合物与2型糖尿病及葡萄糖代谢指标的总体关联。
总对羟基苯甲酸酯和甲基对羟基苯甲酸酯（MeP）暴露显著增加2型糖尿病风险（P < 0.01）。然而，乙基对羟基苯甲酸酯（EtP）和丁基对羟基苯甲酸酯（BuP）与2型糖尿病呈负相关（P < 0.01）。值得注意的是，观察到EtP和BuP与2型糖尿病存在非线性关系。当EtP或BuP水平高于剂量反应曲线中观察到的拐点时，比值比（OR）和95%置信区间（CI）分别为1.453（1.252，1.686）和1.982（1.444，2.721）。此外，分位数g计算结果还表明，高浓度对羟基苯甲酸酯混合物暴露与2型糖尿病风险呈正相关。BKMR模型表明，对羟基苯甲酸酯混合物与糖代谢呈U形关联，当所有对羟基苯甲酸酯浓度处于或高于其第55百分位数（与中位数相比）时，对羟基苯甲酸酯混合物会增加血糖异常风险。
MeP或对羟基苯甲酸酯混合物暴露水平与2型糖尿病风险呈线性正相关。EtP和BuP与葡萄糖代谢呈非线性关联，中高暴露水平会导致2型糖尿病。
