Center for Medical Bioinformatics, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2023 Jul;252:114210. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114210. Epub 2023 Jun 20.
Epidemiological studies have reported potential effects of individual paraben or bisphenol exposure on lung function, but few studies have estimated their joint effects. We conducted a cross sectional survey to investigate the associations of parabens and bisphenols exposure with lung function in 205 children aged 5-12 years from Shanghai, China. Urinary concentrations of six parabens [methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, butyl-, benzyl-, and heptyl-paraben (MeP, EtP, PrP, BuP, BzP, and HeP)] and seven bisphenols [bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol AF (BPAF), bisphenol AP (BPAP), bisphenol B (BPB), bisphenol P (BPP), bisphenol S (BPS), and bisphenol Z (BPZ)] were assessed by the high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Lung function, including forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV/FVC, peak expiratory flow (PEF), and forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of forced vital capacity (FEF), was further measured. Linear regression, bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), and weighted quantile sum regression (WQS) evaluated the individual and joint relationships of the parabens and bisphenols with the lung function parameters. Further, the analysis was stratified by child sex. Parabens (MeP, EtP, PrP, and BuP) and bisphenols (BPA, BPAP, BPB, and BPS) with detection rates >75% were included for analyses. In linear regressions, parabens (MeP, PrP, and BuP) were generally negatively associated with FEV, FVC, PEF, and FEF, but no associations for bisphenols were found. The association of parabens with lung function was more pronounced in girls. The aforementioned negative associations between parabens and lung function were confirmed by both the BKMR and WQS, with MeP being considered most heavily weighing chemical. Our findings suggested that exposure to parabens, either individuals or as a mixture, were associated with decreased lung function in children aged 5-12 years, and these associations were stronger among girls. Considering the cross-sectional study design, large longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm our findings.
流行病学研究报告了个体对苯甲酸盐或双酚暴露对肺功能的潜在影响，但很少有研究估计它们的联合影响。我们在中国上海进行了一项横断面调查，以研究 205 名 5-12 岁儿童的苯甲酸盐和双酚暴露与肺功能之间的关系。使用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（HPLC-MS/MS）检测 6 种苯甲酸盐（甲基-、乙基-、丙基-、丁基-、苄基-和庚基-苯甲酸盐（MeP、EtP、PrP、BuP、BzP 和 HeP）和 7 种双酚（双酚 A（BPA）、双酚 AF（BPAF）、双酚 AP（BPAP）、双酚 B（BPB）、双酚 P（BPP）、双酚 S（BPS）和双酚 Z（BPZ））在尿液中的浓度。进一步测量了肺功能，包括 1 秒用力呼气量（FEV）、用力肺活量（FVC）、FEV/FVC、呼气峰流速（PEF）和用力肺活量 25%至 75%之间的流速（FEF）。线性回归、贝叶斯核机器回归（BKMR）和加权分位数总和回归（WQS）评估了苯甲酸盐和双酚与肺功能参数的个体和联合关系。此外，根据儿童性别对分析进行分层。选择检测率>75%的苯甲酸盐（MeP、EtP、PrP 和 BuP）和双酚（BPA、BPAP、BPB 和 BPS）进行分析。在线性回归中，苯甲酸盐（MeP、PrP 和 BuP）通常与 FEV、FVC、PEF 和 FEF 呈负相关，但未发现双酚与肺功能之间存在关联。在女孩中，苯甲酸盐与肺功能的关联更为明显。BKMR 和 WQS 均证实了苯甲酸盐与肺功能之间的上述负相关关系，其中 MeP 被认为是影响最大的化学物质。我们的研究结果表明，5-12 岁儿童接触苯甲酸盐（单独或混合）与肺功能下降有关，而女孩中的这些关联更强。鉴于横断面研究设计，需要进行大型纵向研究来证实我们的发现。
