National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2024 Sep 15;283:116775. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116775. Epub 2024 Jul 26.
The inconsistent relationship between chemical exposure and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) has been examined in only a few studies. We investigated the association between paraben exposure and indicators of renal function in a total of 361 individuals recruiting from a representative study.
The levels of urinary parabens, including methylparaben (MeP), ethylparaben (EtP), propylparaben (PrP), and butylparaben (BuP), were measured using UPLC-MS/MS. The association between paraben exposure and indices of renal function was assessed using multiple logistic regression and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR).
The median levels of urinary parabens in the adult group were significantly higher than those in the minor group, that is, 397 vs. 148 ng/mL for MeP, 38.8 vs. 13.6 ng/mL for EtP, 117 vs. 57.7 ng/mL for PrP, and 6.61 vs. 2.79 ng/mL for BuP (all P < 0.001). In the adult group, multivariate regression models confirmed a positive association between the albumin-to-creatinine ratio and urinary MeP (β = 0.580) and a positive association of BUN (β = 0.061) and a negative association of eGFR (β = -0.051) with urinary EtP (all P < 0.001). In the adult group, compared with the lowest tertile group, the adjusted odds ratio in the third tertile (T) of urinary EtP levels indicated a 3.08 times increased risk of eGFR abnormalities, followed by the second tertile (T) with a 2.63 times increased risk. The generalized additive model (GAM) and BKMR models showed a non-linear correlation between urinary EtP levels and early CKD, as well as reduced eGFR. We observed a significant positive cumulative effect of urinary paraben on eGFR, and a significant positive single exposure effect of urinary EtP with eGFR abnormality.
We found a significant association between exposure to EtP and an increased risk of high BUN levels and decreased eGFR.
仅有少数研究探讨了化学物质暴露与估算肾小球滤过率（eGFR）之间的不一致关系。我们在一项代表性研究中总共招募了 361 名个体，调查了对羟基苯甲酸酯暴露与肾功能指标之间的关系。
使用 UPLC-MS/MS 测量尿液中对羟基苯甲酸酯的水平，包括甲基对羟基苯甲酸酯（MeP）、乙基对羟基苯甲酸酯（EtP）、丙基对羟基苯甲酸酯（PrP）和丁基对羟基苯甲酸酯（BuP）。使用多元逻辑回归和贝叶斯核机器回归（BKMR）评估对羟基苯甲酸酯暴露与肾功能指标之间的关联。
成人组尿液中对羟基苯甲酸酯的中位数水平明显高于未成年组，即 MeP 为 397 vs. 148 ng/mL，EtP 为 38.8 vs. 13.6 ng/mL，PrP 为 117 vs. 57.7 ng/mL，BuP 为 6.61 vs. 2.79 ng/mL（均 P < 0.001）。在成人组中，多元回归模型证实，白蛋白与肌酐比值与尿液中 MeP 呈正相关（β=0.580），BUN 呈正相关（β=0.061），eGFR 呈负相关（β=-0.051）与尿液中 EtP 相关（均 P < 0.001）。在成人组中，与尿液 EtP 水平最低三分位组相比，第三分位（T）组 eGFR 异常的调整比值比为 3.08 倍，其次是第二分位（T）组，比值比为 2.63 倍。广义相加模型（GAM）和 BKMR 模型显示，尿液 EtP 水平与早期 CKD 以及 eGFR 降低之间存在非线性关联。我们观察到尿液对羟基苯甲酸酯对 eGFR 的累积效应显著为正，尿液 EtP 对 eGFR 异常的单一暴露效应显著为正。
我们发现，接触 EtP 与高 BUN 水平升高和 eGFR 降低的风险增加之间存在显著关联。
