Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
Transplant Cell Ther. 2023 Nov;29(11):699.e1-699.e9. doi: 10.1016/j.jtct.2023.08.017. Epub 2023 Aug 17.
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major complication after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). The hypomethylating agent azacitidine (AZA) has been shown to be effective in preclinical and clinical studies for the prevention of acute GVHD (aGVHD). We sought to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of AZA when given on days 1 to 5 of a 28-day cycle for 4 cycles, starting on day +7 after allo-HCT, as well as its impact on aGVHD and chronic GVHD (cGVHD), relapse, and overall survival (OS) in patients undergoing matched unrelated donor allo-HCT. This study was a single-arm, single-center, open-label phase I-II study with a total of 15 and 38 patients enrolled in the phase I and II portions of the trial, respectively. A standard 3+3 study design was used in phase I, and all patients in phase II received AZA at the MTD determined in phase I. The MTD of AZA starting at day +7 post-transplantation was 45 mg/m. Phase II of the study was halted after enrolling 38 of the planned 46 patients following an interim analysis that suggested futility. Overall, AZA at 45 mg/m exhibited a side effect profile consistent with prior reports and had a minimal impact on engraftment. The cumulative incidence of clinically significant aGVHD by day +180 was 39.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 22% to 53.7%). The incidence of all-grade cGVHD was 61.4% (95% CI, 40.3% to 75%). At 1 year, OS was 73.7% (95% CI, 60.9% to 89.1%), and the disease relapse rate was 11.4% (95% CI, .2% to 21.3%). Our results suggest that early post-allo-HCT AZA has limited efficacy in preventing aGVHD and cGVHD but could have a beneficial effect in preventing disease relapse.
移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)是异基因造血细胞移植(allo-HCT)后的主要并发症。低甲基化药物阿扎胞苷(AZA)已在预防急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)的临床前和临床研究中显示出有效性。我们旨在确定在 allo-HCT 后第 7 天开始的 28 天周期的第 1 至 5 天内每天给予 AZA 的最大耐受剂量(MTD),共 4 个周期,以及其对 aGVHD 和慢性移植物抗宿主病(cGVHD)、复发和总生存率(OS)的影响接受匹配的无关供体 allo-HCT 的患者。这项研究是一项单臂、单中心、开放标签的 I-II 期研究,分别有 15 名和 38 名患者入组 I 期和 II 期部分。I 期采用标准的 3+3 研究设计,II 期所有患者均接受 I 期确定的 MTD 的 AZA。移植后第 7 天开始的 AZA 的 MTD 为 45mg/m。在中期分析提示无效后,II 期研究在计划入组的 46 例患者中入组了 38 例后停止。总体而言,45mg/m 的 AZA 表现出与既往报道一致的副作用特征,对植入的影响很小。第 180 天临床显著 aGVHD 的累积发生率为 39.9%(95%CI,22%至 53.7%)。所有级别的 cGVHD 的发生率为 61.4%(95%CI,40.3%至 75%)。1 年时,OS 为 73.7%(95%CI,60.9%至 89.1%),疾病复发率为 11.4%(95%CI,.2%至 21.3%)。我们的结果表明,allo-HCT 后早期 AZA 在预防 aGVHD 和 cGVHD 方面疗效有限,但可能对预防疾病复发有有益作用。