National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
J Affect Disord. 2023 Nov 1;340:802-811. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.071. Epub 2023 Aug 18.
The previous studies an association between dietary patterns and psychiatric symptoms. However, few studies have examined the association of quality of dietary patterns and anxiety, depressive symptoms in the Chinese population.
Between 2017 and 2019, a population-based, cross-sectional survey was carried out in China. Uniformed questionnaires collected the demographic characteristics and food data. The dietary quality of the adults was evaluated using the revised Diet Balance Index 2016 (DBI-16). We measured anxiety and depression symptoms using the the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)-7 and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9.
A total of 73,737 participants were recruited during the survey period. 17.6 % and 13.7 % of residents suffer from anxiety and depression symptoms, respectively. The DBI-16 indicates that participants with anxiety or depression symptoms had higher scores of low bound score (LBS, refers to inadequate food intake) and dietary quality distance (DQD, refers to unbalanced food intake) than those without anxiety or depression. The logistic regression models showed that high levels of LBS and DQD problems were more strongly associated with anxiety (LBS:OR = 1.20, DQD:OR = 1.30) and depressive symptoms (LBS:OR = 1.21, DQD:OR = 1.44). On the contrary, higher bound score (HBS, refers to excessive food intake) was significantly negatively correlated with symptoms of anxiety and depression. Moreover, each increase in the food group was associated with 4 % lower odds of anxiety and 6 % lower odds of depression symptoms.
Cross-sectional design and self-reporting of psychological symptoms and dietary information limit the generalizability of the results.
The dietary quality of adults aged 40 years and over in China is suboptimal, with excessive and inadequate food intake simultaneously. Dietary imbalance, and low dietary diversity may be related to anxiety and depressive symptoms.
之前的研究已经证实了饮食模式与精神症状之间存在关联。然而，很少有研究调查过中国人群中饮食模式质量与焦虑、抑郁症状之间的关系。
本研究于 2017 年至 2019 年在中国进行了一项基于人群的横断面调查。通过统一的调查问卷收集了人口统计学特征和食物数据。使用修订后的 2016 年饮食平衡指数（DBI-16）评估成年人的饮食质量。使用广泛性焦虑障碍（GAD-7）和患者健康问卷（PHQ-9）测量焦虑和抑郁症状。
在调查期间共招募了 73737 名参与者。分别有 17.6%和 13.7%的居民患有焦虑和抑郁症状。DBI-16 表明，有焦虑或抑郁症状的参与者的低边界得分（LBS，指摄入不足的食物）和饮食质量距离（DQD，指饮食不均衡）得分高于无焦虑或抑郁症状的参与者。逻辑回归模型表明，LBS 和 DQD 问题的高水平与焦虑（LBS：OR=1.20，DQD：OR=1.30）和抑郁症状（LBS：OR=1.21，DQD：OR=1.44）的相关性更强。相反，较高的边界得分（HBS，指摄入过量的食物）与焦虑和抑郁症状呈显著负相关。此外，每个食物组的增加与焦虑症状的发生几率降低 4%和抑郁症状的发生几率降低 6%相关。
横断面设计和心理症状和饮食信息的自我报告限制了结果的普遍性。
中国 40 岁及以上成年人的饮食质量较差，同时存在过量和摄入不足的食物。饮食不均衡和低饮食多样性可能与焦虑和抑郁症状有关。
