Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
CIRUS Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.
Chronobiol Int. 2023 Aug;40(8):1039-1048. doi: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2246559. Epub 2023 Aug 20.
Shift workers are at increased risk of obesity and metabolic diseases, but their eating patterns on work and non-workdays are understudied. We aimed to examine whether energy intake and macronutrient intake of day and night shift nurses were different during work and non-workdays. We used a mixed-methods approach to study food intake of shift working nurses from two hospitals during day and night shifts. Participants completed baseline questionnaires about eating behaviour, sleep, chronotype, mood and shift work disorder. Participants then completed a 4-d food diary which included a non-workday prior to the first shift, the first and last shift (either day or night) and the following non-workday. After completion of the food diaries, we used semi-structured interviews to explore the qualitative aspects of eating behaviours. Seventy-nine shift-working nurses participated in the study. Daily energy intake was not significantly different on work and non-workdays in day or night shift workers ( > 0.05). Whilst macronutrient consumption was also not different between day and night shift workers ( > 0.05), sugar intake was higher in day compared to night shift workers ( = 0.02) on the non-workday prior to the first workday. In qualitative interviews, participants reported their eating to be different on day and night shifts as well as work and non-workdays. Eating behaviour in day and night shift workers was highly influenced by food availability, convenience, peers, and family members. Nurses qualitatively report that night and day shifts result in them eating differently despite no statistically discernible difference in energy intake.
倒班工人肥胖和代谢疾病的风险增加，但他们在工作日和非工作日的饮食模式尚未得到充分研究。我们旨在研究日夜班护士在工作日和非工作日的能量摄入和宏量营养素摄入是否不同。我们使用混合方法研究了来自两家医院的轮班护士在工作日和夜班期间的食物摄入情况。参与者完成了关于饮食行为、睡眠、昼夜类型、情绪和轮班工作障碍的基线问卷。然后，参与者完成了 4 天的食物日记，其中包括第一个班之前的一个非工作日、第一个和最后一个班（无论是白天还是晚上）以及随后的非工作日。完成食物日记后，我们使用半结构化访谈来探讨饮食行为的定性方面。79 名轮班护士参加了这项研究。日间或夜间轮班工人在工作日和非工作日的每日能量摄入没有显着差异（>0.05）。虽然在日间和夜间轮班工人之间，宏量营养素的消耗也没有差异（>0.05），但在第一个工作日前的非工作日，日间轮班工人的糖摄入量高于夜间轮班工人（=0.02）。在定性访谈中，参与者报告说他们在工作日和非工作日以及夜班和白班的饮食不同。日夜班工人的饮食行为受到食物供应、便利性、同伴和家庭成员的高度影响。护士们定性地报告说，尽管在能量摄入方面没有统计学上明显的差异，但日夜班会导致他们的饮食方式不同。
