Mohammadi Saber, Amini Marjan, Shidfar Fatemeh, Kabir-Mokamelkhah Elaheh
Occupational Medicine Research Center, Department of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2023 Jul 3;37:74. doi: 10.47176/mjiri.37.74. eCollection 2023.
Many people are exposed to cigarette smoke actively or passively. We aimed to determine the effect of active and passive smoking on hearing thresholds and hearing loss noise-exposed workers.
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 929 metal workers. We divided the workers into 3 groups according to smoking status-current smokers, nonsmokers, and passive smokers. Audiometric testing was recorded for both ears. Hearing loss was defined by 3 models. The SPSS software Version 24 was used to analyze the collected data. We used an independent t test, chi-square, Fisher exact, and analysis of variance tests and logistic regression, and the significance level was set at P ˂0.05 to interpret the relationships between variables.
The hearing threshold levels at 4000 Hz, high frequencies, and low frequencies were significantly higher in smokers than nonsmokers ( < 0.05). Also, and hearing loss at the 4000 Hz ( = 0.002; odds ratio [OR] = 1.96; 95% CI = 1.27-3.03) and high frequencies ( = 0.001; OR = 2.15; 95% CI = 1.36-3.4) had a significant correlation with smoking. Hearing loss was significantly correlated with passive smoking at 4000 Hz ( < 0.001; OR = 5.87; 95% CI = 3.29-10.47), high frequencies ( < 0.001; OR = 7.16; 95% CI = 3.97-12.89) and low frequencies ( = 0.021; OR = 4.16; 95% CI = 1.12-15.43).
The findings show that active and passive smokers who work in noisy environments are at higher risk for noise-induced hearing loss. Therefore, smoking cessation in smoker workers and reduction of environmental exposure to cigarette smoke is necessary to reduce the exacerbation of hearing loss. Moreover, more attention should be paid to passive smokers and they should be given priority in the same programs.
许多人主动或被动接触香烟烟雾。我们旨在确定主动吸烟和被动吸烟对听力阈值以及噪声暴露工人听力损失的影响。
对929名金属工人进行了这项横断面研究。我们根据吸烟状况将工人分为3组——当前吸烟者、不吸烟者和被动吸烟者。记录双耳的听力测试结果。听力损失由3种模型定义。使用SPSS 24版软件分析收集的数据。我们使用独立t检验、卡方检验、费舍尔精确检验、方差分析以及逻辑回归，显著性水平设定为P＜0.05以解释变量之间的关系。
吸烟者在4000赫兹、高频和低频的听力阈值水平显著高于不吸烟者（P＜0.05）。此外，4000赫兹（P = 0.002；比值比[OR] = 1.96；95%置信区间 = 1.27 - 3.03）和高频（P = 0.001；OR = 2.15；95%置信区间 = 1.36 - 3.4）的听力损失与吸烟有显著相关性。在4000赫兹（P＜0.001；OR = 5.87；95%置信区间 = 3.29 - 10.47）、高频（P＜0.001；OR = 7.16；95%置信区间 = 3.97 - 12.89）和低频（P = 0.021；OR = 4.16；95%置信区间 = 1.12 - 15.43），听力损失与被动吸烟显著相关。
研究结果表明，在嘈杂环境中工作的主动吸烟者和被动吸烟者面临噪声性听力损失的风险更高。因此，吸烟工人戒烟以及减少环境香烟烟雾暴露对于减少听力损失的加重是必要的。此外，应更多关注被动吸烟者，并在相同项目中给予他们优先考虑。
