Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus, Türkiye.
Front Public Health. 2023 Aug 3;11:1144466. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1144466. eCollection 2023.
Community pharmacists' roles have expanded and undergone a significant transition over the last few years. Consequently, new and different pharmacy services, such as drive-thru pharmacy services, have emerged. Drive-thru pharmacy services began three decades ago and continued even during outbreaks such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients' perceptions are essential to the successful implementation and satisfaction with any new service. This study examines the reliability and validity of the assessment tool of public perceptions toward drive-thru community pharmacy services in Malaysia during COVID-19.
A cross-sectional study was conducted. The developed tool consists of 28 items to evaluate believed advantages toward drive-thru community pharmacy services, believed disadvantages toward drive-thru community pharmacy services, differences between drive-thru community pharmacy services and instore drug refill services, perceptions toward drive-thru community pharmacy services and feelings regarding how the introduction of drive-thru pharmacy services may affect the image of community pharmacists. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed to identify the factors of the developed tool, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) evaluated the model fitness.
The EFA identified five elements and 25 items for the tool, and through CFA results, the observed model of the 25 items structure of the tool was verified as an excellent fit for the data [χ (265, = 565) = 819.586, < 0.001, IFI = 0.931, CFI = 0.93, RMSEA = 0.064]. The results of the CFA indicated a good model fit between the observed model and the proposed model. The internal reliability of the entire tool and each factor was very satisfactory as Cronbach's Alpha for the whole structured tool was 0.843 and for each factor was as follows, first factor (believed advantages) = 0.909, second factor (believed disadvantages) = 0.921, third factor (differences between drive-thru and instore refill) = 0.647, fourth factor (perceptions) = 0.926, and fifth factor (feelings) = 0.681.
The developed and validated tool would be valuable for assessing the public's perceptions of the drive-thru community pharmacy service during COVID-19 and future pandemics.
在过去的几年中，社区药剂师的角色不断扩大，并经历了重大转变。因此，出现了新的和不同的药房服务，例如免下车药房服务。免下车药房服务始于三十年前，即使在 COVID-19 等疫情期间也在继续。患者的看法对于任何新服务的成功实施和满意度都是至关重要的。本研究旨在评估在 COVID-19 期间马来西亚公众对免下车社区药房服务看法的评估工具的可靠性和有效性。
本研究采用横断面研究。所开发的工具包含 28 个项目，用于评估对免下车社区药房服务的优势、对免下车社区药房服务的劣势、免下车社区药房服务与店内药物补充服务之间的差异、对免下车社区药房服务的看法以及对引入免下车药房服务可能对社区药剂师形象的影响的感受。采用探索性因素分析（EFA）确定工具的因素，并采用验证性因素分析（CFA）评估模型拟合度。
EFA 确定了工具的五个要素和 25 个项目，通过 CFA 结果验证，工具的 25 个项目结构的观察模型验证了数据的优秀拟合度[χ（265， = 565）= 819.586， < 0.001，IFI = 0.931，CFI = 0.93，RMSEA = 0.064]。CFA 的结果表明，观察模型与提出的模型之间具有良好的模型拟合度。整个工具和每个因素的内部可靠性都非常令人满意，因为整个结构化工具的克朗巴赫α系数为 0.843，每个因素的系数如下：第一因素（优势）= 0.909，第二因素（劣势）= 0.921，第三因素（免下车与店内补充之间的差异）= 0.647，第四因素（看法）= 0.926，第五因素（感受）= 0.681。
该工具的开发和验证对于评估 COVID-19 期间和未来大流行期间公众对免下车社区药房服务的看法具有重要价值。
