Rauzon Suzanne, Hewawitharana Sridharshi C, Esaryk Erin E, Thompson Hannah R, Whetstone Lauren, Cordon Ingrid, Woodward-Lopez Gail M
Nutrition Policy Institute, University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 1111 Franklin Street, Eleventh floor, Oakland, CA 94607, USA.
School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 2121 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA.
Prev Med Rep. 2023 Aug 6;35:102365. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102365. eCollection 2023 Oct.
This cross-sectional study examined the associations between parent-reported, perceptions of changes in school-aged children's (ages 5-18) school meal participation, household cooking, fast food consumption, dietary intake, and weight during the COVID-19 pandemic. Respondents with low-income and school-aged children (n = 1040) were enrolled using quota sampling to approximate the distribution of low-income households and race/ethnicity among California residents who completed an on-line questionnaire developed by the authors. Adjusted multinomial models examined associations between parent-reported changes in school meal participation and time spent cooking, with parent-reported changes in child diet and body weight during COVID-19 (from before March 2020 to January-March 2021). During the pandemic, decreased school meal participation was associated with decreased child's fast food intake (OR[95 %CI] = 1.47[1.04-2.07]); conversely, increased school meal participation was associated with increased child's fast food intake (OR[95 %CI] = 1.71[1.09-2.68]). Decreased cooking at home was associated with decreased fruit and vegetable intake (OR[95 %CI] = 2.71[1.62-4.53]), increased sugar-sweetened beverage intake (OR[95 %CI] = 3.83[2.16-6.81]), and increased fast food intake (OR[95 %CI] = 4.09[2.45-6.84]); while increased cooking at home was associated with increased fruit and vegetable (OR[95 %CI] = 2.26[1.59-3.20]), sugar-sweetened beverage (OR[95 %CI] = 1.88[1.20-2.94]), sweets (OR[95 %CI] = 1.46[1.02-2.10]), and salty snack food intake (OR[95 %CI] = 1.87[1.29-2.71]). These parent-reported perceived changes in meal sources during the pandemic for children from low-income California households, and the mixed results in their associations with changes in parent-reported child dietary intake, suggest the need for strengthening policies and programs to support both access to, and healthfulness of, meals from school and home during prolonged school closures.
这项横断面研究调查了在新冠疫情期间，家长报告的学龄儿童（5 - 18岁）学校用餐参与情况、家庭烹饪、快餐消费、饮食摄入量和体重变化之间的关联。采用配额抽样法招募了有低收入学龄儿童的受访者（n = 1040），以近似加利福尼亚州完成作者编制的在线问卷的低收入家庭以及种族/族裔的分布情况。调整后的多项模型研究了家长报告的学校用餐参与变化与烹饪时间之间的关联，以及新冠疫情期间（从2020年3月之前到2021年1 - 3月）家长报告的儿童饮食和体重变化。在疫情期间，学校用餐参与减少与儿童快餐摄入量减少相关（比值比[95%置信区间]=1.47[1.04 - 2.07]）；相反，学校用餐参与增加与儿童快餐摄入量增加相关（比值比[95%置信区间]=1.71[1.09 - 2.68]）。在家烹饪减少与水果和蔬菜摄入量减少相关（比值比[95%置信区间]=2.71[1.62 - 4.53]），含糖饮料摄入量增加（比值比[95%置信区间]=3.83[2.16 - 6.81]），以及快餐摄入量增加（比值比[95%置信区间]=4.09[2.45 - 6.84]）；而在家烹饪增加与水果和蔬菜摄入量增加相关（比值比[95%置信区间]=2.26[1.59 - 3.20]），含糖饮料摄入量增加（比值比[95%置信区间]=1.88[1.20 - 2.94]），甜食摄入量增加（比值比[95%置信区间]=1.46[1.02 - 2.10]），以及咸味零食摄入量增加（比值比[95%置信区间]=1.87[1.29 - 2.71]）。这些家长报告的加利福尼亚州低收入家庭儿童在疫情期间用餐来源的感知变化，以及它们与家长报告的儿童饮食摄入量变化之间的混合结果，表明需要加强政策和项目，以支持在长期学校关闭期间从学校和家庭获取膳食并提高其健康程度。
