Yang Xi, Mou Rong, Liang Qiuguo, Cheng Jinzhi, Wu Yuanming, Tan Weilong, Wu Jiahong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Department of Parasitology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
Department of Basic Medical Science, Qiannan Medical College for Nationalities, Duyun, China.
Arch Insect Biochem Physiol. 2023 Nov;114(3):e22045. doi: 10.1002/arch.22045. Epub 2023 Aug 21.
Organophosphate (OP) resistance has been prevalent in Musca domestica populations worldwide since 1960s. Previous studies have demonstrated that point mutations of the acetylcholinesterase gene (Ace) are one of the important molecular mechanisms underlying OP resistance. However, few studies have investigated the molecular mechanisms of OP resistance in the past 10 years in China. In this study, we investigated the status of OP resistance and genetic diversity of Ace in the field populations of houseflies in Guizhou Province of China. The bioassays showed that the houseflies had 142-304-fold resistance to dichlorvos (DDVP) and 122-364-fold resistance to temephos, compared to the susceptible houseflies. Five nonsynonymous mutations (Y226F, V260L, G342A/V, F407Y) in Ace were detected among the 7 field populations, with an average frequency of 5.4%, 55%, 68%, 32%, and 94%, respectively, of which the Y226F mutation had not been reported previously. Eleven combinations of triple mutations (at positions 260, 342, and 407) were observed, of which the combination 260L/V+342A/V+407Y was predominant. The ZY and AS populations showed greatest diversity of allelic combination and the other five populations showed different distributions among different regions. These results indicate that the resistance to OPs is prevalent among the housefly populations and target-site insensitivity is the main cause of resistance in Guizhou Province. The difference in distribution and the allelic diversity of Ace in field populations may be due to the complexity and variability of insecticide application. It is necessary to monitor resistance to insecticides and conduct management of houseflies in Guizhou Province.
自20世纪60年代以来，有机磷（OP）抗性在全球家蝇种群中普遍存在。先前的研究表明，乙酰胆碱酯酶基因（Ace）的点突变是OP抗性的重要分子机制之一。然而，在过去10年中，中国很少有研究调查OP抗性的分子机制。在本研究中，我们调查了中国贵州省家蝇田间种群中OP抗性状况和Ace的遗传多样性。生物测定表明，与敏感家蝇相比，这些家蝇对敌敌畏（DDVP）具有142 - 304倍的抗性，对毒死蜱具有122 - 364倍的抗性。在7个田间种群中检测到Ace基因的5个非同义突变（Y226F、V260L、G342A/V、F407Y），平均频率分别为5.4%、55%、68%、32%和94%，其中Y226F突变此前未见报道。观察到11种三重突变组合（位于第260、342和407位），其中260L/V + 342A/V + 407Y组合占主导地位。ZY和AS种群显示出最大的等位基因组合多样性，其他5个种群在不同区域表现出不同的分布。这些结果表明，OP抗性在家蝇种群中普遍存在，靶标位点不敏感是贵州省家蝇抗性的主要原因。田间种群中Ace分布和等位基因多样性的差异可能是由于杀虫剂使用的复杂性和变异性。有必要对贵州省家蝇的杀虫剂抗性进行监测并开展管理工作。
