Health and Biomedical Informatics Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
Medical Entomology Department, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
J Insect Sci. 2023 Jul 1;23(4). doi: 10.1093/jisesa/iead054.
Nowadays, pyrethroid (Py) insecticides are commonly used against household insect pests and housefly. The combination of Py and organophosphates (OP) are also utilized to combat these insects. The resistance status of Iranian housefly populations to them and carbamate (CB) insecticides is uncertain. This study investigates the presence of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) mutations related to the resistance of Musca domestica to OP and/or CB insecticides in Northwestern Iran. Nucleotides 1041-1776, based on their positions in the ACE gene of aabys strain, were amplified and sequenced in houseflies collected from West Azerbaijan, Gilan, and Ardebil Provinces, Iran. Among 12 single-nucleotide polymorphisms detected, 3 mismatches were found at nucleotides 1174 (T/A, G), 1473 (G/T, C), and 1668 (T/A), leading to amino acid substitutions in V260L, G342A/V, and F407Y positions with various combinations. Genotyping results showed that 85% of specimens had at least one of these substitutions. In addition, the Iranian housefly population was composed of 5 insensitive and sensitive alleles. For the first time, the current study reports the presence of V260L, G342A, G342V, and F407Y substitutions in M. domestica specimens collected from Northwestern Iran. The selection of multiple alleles in field populations might be due to the application of various pesticides/insecticides during extended periods in the region. These molecular levels signify the presence of control problems in the area and the need for developing effective control strategies for such populations.
如今，拟除虫菊酯（Py）杀虫剂常用于防治家庭害虫和家蝇。拟除虫菊酯和有机磷（OP）的组合也被用于对抗这些昆虫。伊朗家蝇对它们和氨基甲酸酯（CB）杀虫剂的抗性状况尚不确定。本研究调查了西北伊朗家蝇种群对 OP 和/或 CB 杀虫剂抗性相关的乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）突变的存在情况。根据 aabys 菌株 ACE 基因的位置，扩增并测序了来自伊朗东阿塞拜疆、吉兰和阿尔达比勒省的家蝇中的核苷酸 1041-1776。在检测到的 12 个单核苷酸多态性中，发现核苷酸 1174（T/A、G）、1473（G/T、C）和 1668（T/A）处存在 3 个错配，导致 V260L、G342A/V 和 F407Y 位置的氨基酸取代，存在多种组合。基因分型结果表明，85%的标本至少有一个这些取代。此外，伊朗家蝇种群由 5 个不敏感和敏感等位基因组成。本研究首次报道了在从伊朗西北部采集的 M. domestica 标本中存在 V260L、G342A、G342V 和 F407Y 取代。在田间种群中选择多种等位基因可能是由于该地区在较长时间内使用了各种杀虫剂/杀虫剂。这些分子水平表明该地区存在控制问题，需要为这些种群制定有效的控制策略。
