Department of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ahvaz Jundishapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Clin Exp Dent Res. 2023 Oct;9(5):922-934. doi: 10.1002/cre2.776. Epub 2023 Aug 21.
OBJECTIVES: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a respiratory infection that has spread worldwide and is responsible for a high death toll. Although respiratory symptoms are the most common, there is growing evidence that oral signs of COVID-19 can also be seen in children. The purpose of this systematic review is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the available data on the oral manifestations of COVID-19 in children and to recommend appropriate methods of diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: A systematic search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was done to discover relevant papers published between their establishment and January 2023. Articles detailing oral symptoms in pediatric patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection were included, and data on clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes were extracted and evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 24 studies involving 2112 pediatric patients with COVID-19 were included in the review. The most common presentations are oral lesions, taste and smell disorders, oral candidiasis, hemorrhagic crust, tongue discoloration, lip and tongue fissuring, gingivitis, and salivary gland inflammation. These manifestations were sometimes associated with multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) or Kawasaki disease (KD). Management strategies varied depending on the severity of the oral manifestation and ranged from symptomatic relief with topical analgesics to systemic medications. CONCLUSION: Oral symptoms of COVID-19 are relatively prevalent in juvenile patients and can be accompanied by severe systemic diseases, such as MIS-C or Kawasaki illness. Early detection and adequate care of these oral symptoms are critical for the best patient results. Understanding the underlying pathophysiology and developing targeted treatments requires more investigation.
目的:严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2(SARS-CoV-2)病毒引起 2019 年冠状病毒病(COVID-19),这是一种呼吸道传染病,已在全球范围内传播,导致高死亡率。尽管呼吸道症状最为常见,但越来越多的证据表明,COVID-19 的口腔症状也可见于儿童。本系统评价的目的是对 COVID-19 儿童口腔表现的现有数据进行全面分析,并推荐适当的诊断和治疗方法。
方法:对 MEDLINE、EMBASE、Scopus 和 Web of Science 数据库进行系统检索,以发现截至 2023 年 1 月发表的相关论文。纳入详细描述确诊 COVID-19 感染的儿科患者口腔症状的文章,并提取和评估有关临床特征、诊断、治疗和结局的数据。
结果:共纳入 24 项研究,涉及 2112 例 COVID-19 儿科患者。最常见的表现是口腔病变、味觉和嗅觉障碍、口腔念珠菌病、出血性结痂、舌变色、唇舌裂、牙龈炎和唾液腺炎症。这些表现有时与儿童多系统炎症综合征(MIS-C)或川崎病(KD)有关。管理策略因口腔表现的严重程度而异,范围从使用局部镇痛药缓解症状到全身用药。
结论:COVID-19 的口腔症状在青少年患者中较为常见,并且可能伴有严重的全身疾病,如 MIS-C 或川崎病。早期发现和充分治疗这些口腔症状对于获得最佳患者结果至关重要。了解潜在的病理生理学并开发针对性的治疗方法需要进一步研究。
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022-5-20
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023-1-30
JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep. 2016-4
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021-4-19
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020-1-9
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022-7-22
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010-11-10
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010-1-20
Children (Basel). 2025-5-31
Front Dent Med. 2024-8-2
J Dent Res. 2024-11
J Clin Med. 2023-10-30
Biomedicines. 2023-3-10
Healthcare (Basel). 2023-1-17
J Family Med Prim Care. 2022-10
Braz Oral Res. 2022-12-2
Cureus. 2022-11-3
Pediatr Neurol. 2022-11
J Paediatr Child Health. 2022-10
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022-6-18
Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2022-7-1
Chem Senses. 2022-1-1