Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2023;1418:171-185. doi: 10.1007/978-981-99-1443-2_12.
Early detection and identification of those with or at increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and metabolic dysfunction is crucial for improving disease management and prognosis. Given the complex, multifactorial nature of the pathogenesis of the CVD and metabolic dysfunction, it is essential to have biomarkers that encompass the multiple facets of disease development. The uniquely ubiquitous nature and functionality of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in various disease pathologies can provide novel insight into both diagnosis and prognosis while further improving assessments used in clinical and research practice. Herein we summarize the use of EV count and content (including miRNA and protein) in diagnosis of CVD, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes (T2D), as well as highlight the potential utility for enhancing determination of prognosis and long-term complications in these clinical populations. Although the results are promising, future work is needed in both methodology and in relation to other factors such as sex and medications, in order to apply these findings in clinical practice.
早期发现和识别心血管疾病 (CVD) 和代谢功能障碍的患者或高危人群对于改善疾病管理和预后至关重要。鉴于 CVD 和代谢功能障碍发病机制的复杂性和多因素性质，必须有能够涵盖疾病发展多个方面的生物标志物。细胞外囊泡 (EVs) 在各种疾病病理中的独特普遍存在性和功能，为诊断和预后提供了新的见解，同时进一步改善了临床和研究实践中使用的评估方法。本文总结了 EV 计数和含量（包括 miRNA 和蛋白质）在 CVD、肥胖、代谢综合征和 2 型糖尿病 (T2D) 诊断中的应用，并强调了在这些临床人群中提高预后和长期并发症确定的潜在用途。尽管结果很有前景，但仍需要在方法学和其他因素（如性别和药物）方面开展进一步的工作，以便将这些发现应用于临床实践。
