Chalkiadakis Ioannis, Arsoniadis Gavriil G, Toubekis Argyris G
Division of Aquatic Sports, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17237 Athens, Greece.
Sports Performance Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17237 Athens, Greece.
J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2023 Aug 16;8(3):120. doi: 10.3390/jfmk8030120.
The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between dry-land and in-water strength with performance and kinematic variables in short-distance, middle-distance, and repeated sprint swimming. Fifteen competitive swimmers applied a bench press exercise to measure maximum strength (MS), maximum power (P), strength corresponding to P (F@P), maximum velocity (MV), and velocity corresponding to P (V@P) using F-V and P-V relationships. On a following day, swimmers performed a 10 s tethered swimming sprint (TF), and impulse was measured (IMP). On three separate days, swimmers performed (i) 50 and 100 m, (ii) 200 and 400 m, and (iii) 4 × 50 m front crawl sprint tests. Performance time (T), arm stroke rate (SR), arm stroke length (SL), and arm stroke index (SI) were calculated in all tests. Performance in short- and middle-distance tests and in 4 × 50 m training sets were related to dry-land MS, P, TF, and IMP (r = 0.51-0.83; < 0.05). MS, P, and TF were related to SR in 50 m and SI in 50 and 100 m (r = 0.55-0.71; < 0.05). A combination of dry-land P and in-water TF variables explains 80% of the 50 m performance time variation. Bench press power and tethered swimming force correlate with performance in short- and middle-distance tests and repeated sprint swimming.
本研究的目的是确定短距离、中距离和重复冲刺游泳中，旱地力量和水中力量与成绩及运动学变量之间的关系。15名竞技游泳运动员进行了卧推练习，利用力-速度（F-V）和功率-速度（P-V）关系来测量最大力量（MS）、最大功率（P）、对应P的力量（F@P）、最大速度（MV）以及对应P的速度（V@P）。在接下来的一天，游泳运动员进行了10秒的系绳游泳冲刺（TF），并测量了冲量（IMP）。在三个不同的日子里，游泳运动员进行了（i）50米和100米、（ii）200米和400米以及（iii）4×50米自由泳冲刺测试。在所有测试中计算了成绩时间（T）、划水频率（SR）、划水长度（SL）和划水指数（SI）。短距离和中距离测试以及4×50米训练组中的成绩与旱地MS、P、TF和IMP相关（r = 0.51 - 0.83；P < 0.05）。MS、P和TF与50米的SR以及50米和100米的SI相关（r = 0.55 - 0.71；P < 0.05）。旱地P和水中TF变量的组合解释了50米成绩时间变化的80%。卧推功率和系绳游泳力与短距离和中距离测试以及重复冲刺游泳的成绩相关。
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