Hill Matthew, Mostafa Sayed, Muganda Perpetua M, Jeffers-Francis Liesl K, Obeng-Gyasi Emmanuel
Department of Built Environment, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA.
Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA.
Diseases. 2023 Aug 4;11(3):101. doi: 10.3390/diseases11030101.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a highly prevalent virus with a worldwide distribution. It typically remains dormant in most individuals until reactivation. Immunocompromised states are known to be potential causes for CMV reactivation. Current research has shown a link in the decline of immigrant health among those living in the US for an extended period, though the impact of CMV on this is not clear.
This study investigated the association between country of birth, duration of US residency, allostatic load, and latent cytomegalovirus infection (CMV IgG) in a sample of US adults aged 20-49. The data utilized for our analysis was obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2001 and 2004. Allostatic load, an index measuring the cumulative physiological strain on the body as it strives to regain stability in the presence of chronic stress, provided a valuable approach to assess stress within the context of CMV exposure. Logistic regression modeling was employed to estimate odds ratios and confidence intervals for the analysis. The chi-square test of association and Cramer's V statistic were used to assess the correlation among categorical variables, while Pearson's correlation coefficient was applied to evaluate the relationship between continuous variables. The results revealed that individuals born outside the US and those with less than 20 years of residency in the US exhibited significantly higher proportions of positive CMV IgG compared to individuals born in the US. Specifically, individuals born outside the US had more than triple the odds of CMV IgG when adjusting for the AL index (OR = 3.69, -value = 0.0063). A similar trend was observed when examining AL risk based on the duration of US residency. Furthermore, age and sex were identified as significant predictors (-value < 0.05) of AL risk, considering the individual's country of birth. In summary, the findings of this study significantly enhance our comprehension of the intricate interplay between cytomegalovirus (CMV) and allostatic load (AL). The investigation sheds light on how CMV and AL interact within specific demographic contexts, providing valuable insights into the underlying risk factors for CMV infection.
巨细胞病毒（CMV）是一种广泛分布于全球的高流行病毒。它通常在大多数个体中保持潜伏状态，直至重新激活。免疫功能低下状态被认为是CMV重新激活的潜在原因。目前的研究表明，长期居住在美国的移民健康状况下降存在某种关联，尽管CMV对此的影响尚不清楚。
本研究调查了20至49岁美国成年人样本中出生国家、在美国居住时间、应激负荷和潜伏性巨细胞病毒感染（CMV IgG）之间的关联。我们分析所用的数据来自2001年至2004年进行的美国国家健康和营养检查调查（NHANES）。应激负荷是一种衡量身体在慢性应激下努力恢复稳定时累积生理应变的指标，为评估CMV暴露背景下的应激提供了一种有价值的方法。采用逻辑回归模型估计分析的比值比和置信区间。关联的卡方检验和克莱默V统计量用于评估分类变量之间的相关性，而皮尔逊相关系数用于评估连续变量之间的关系。结果显示，在美国境外出生的人和在美国居住不到20年的人，其CMV IgG阳性比例显著高于在美国出生的人。具体而言，在调整AL指数后，在美国境外出生的人CMV IgG阳性的几率是其三倍多（OR = 3.69，P值 = 0.0063）。在根据在美国居住时间检查AL风险时也观察到类似趋势。此外，考虑到个体的出生国家，年龄和性别被确定为AL风险的显著预测因素（P值 < 0.05）。总之，本研究结果显著增强了我们对巨细胞病毒（CMV）和应激负荷（AL）之间复杂相互作用的理解。该调查揭示了CMV和AL在特定人口统计学背景下如何相互作用，为CMV感染的潜在风险因素提供了有价值的见解。
