Boafo Yvonne S, Mostafa Sayed, Obeng-Gyasi Emmanuel
Department of Built Environment, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA.
Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA.
Toxics. 2023 Sep 1;11(9):745. doi: 10.3390/toxics11090745.
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) 1 and 2 are persistent infections that affect a significant percentage of United States (US) adults, with 48% having HSV-1 and 12% having HSV-2. Using data stratified by HSV-1 and HSV-2 exposures, this study investigated the association of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), a group of toxic synthetic organofluorine chemical compounds found in environmental, occupational, and home settings, with allostatic load (AL), an index of chronic physiological stress. Descriptive statistics, multivariable logistic regression, and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) modeling were used to assess the effects of multi-PFAS exposures on AL using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2014. Results indicated participants not exposed to PFAS exhibited 77% to 97% lower odds of higher AL ( < 0.001). For example, PFOS per unit increase brought forth a 2% odds increase in higher AL (OR: 1.02; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.05; < 0.05). Participants exposed to PFAS had reduced odds of higher AL (77%-79%), regardless of their HSV-1 and HSV-2 status. PFAS exposure was more prevalent in those with HSV-1 (60%) than in those with HSV-2 (20%) infection, while AL levels were comparable in both groups (17%). BKMR revealed a nonlinear PFAS-AL association and confirmed interactions among PFAS. In summary, PFAS exposure increased the likelihood of higher AL among those with persistent HSV infections. Our study enhances the current understanding of the complex dynamics involving PFAS, persistent infections, and AL, which hold significant implications for public health and clinical intervention strategies.
单纯疱疹病毒1型和2型（HSV-1和HSV-2）是持续性感染，影响着相当比例的美国成年人，其中48%感染HSV-1，12%感染HSV-2。本研究利用按HSV-1和HSV-2暴露分层的数据，调查了全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）与累积生理负荷（AL）之间的关联。PFAS是一类在环境、职业和家庭环境中发现的有毒合成有机氟化合物，AL是慢性生理应激的指标。利用2007 - 2014年美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）的数据，采用描述性统计、多变量逻辑回归和贝叶斯核机器回归（BKMR）建模来评估多种PFAS暴露对AL的影响。结果表明，未接触PFAS的参与者出现较高AL的几率低77%至97%（<0.001）。例如全氟辛烷磺酸每增加一个单位，出现较高AL的几率增加2%（比值比：1.02；95%置信区间：1.00, 1.05；<0.05）。无论HSV-1和HSV-2感染状况如何，接触PFAS的参与者出现较高AL的几率降低（77% - 79%）。PFAS暴露在HSV-1感染者（60%）中比在HSV-2感染者（20%）中更普遍，而两组的AL水平相当（17%）。BKMR揭示了PFAS与AL之间的非线性关联，并证实了PFAS之间的相互作用。总之，PFAS暴露增加了持续性HSV感染患者出现较高AL的可能性。我们的研究增进了当前对涉及PFAS、持续性感染和AL的复杂动态关系的理解，这对公共卫生和临床干预策略具有重要意义。
